Sociology 2206A/B Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Positivism, Participant Observation, Intersubjectivity
Sociology 2206A/B
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
2206A – September 10, 2018
Introduction
No readings
For Next Class: Read pp. x-xi, xxii-xxiv, and Ch. 1
Paradigms: involves certain assumptions about how the world works
Inuiy and analysis is the answe to how do you know that?
Research question = what it is you are trying to understand
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
2206A – September 17, 2018
Scientific Way of Knowing
SEE SEPTEMBER 12 FOR READING NOTES
Read p. x-xi, xxii-xiv, Ch. 1,9,10
Scientific Method = a way of knowing
Other ways of knowing
− Ordinary knoing
a. Speculation and logical analysis
o No data
o May rely on commonsensical aphorisms
b. Authority (experts)
c. Tradition
d. Consensus
e. Casual observation
Science: A body of knowledge; A method of gaining knowledge
1) Falsifiable (test-able) explanations
o Popper tautology
2) Norms of Science
o Universalism
o Organized skepticism
o Disinterestedness
o Communalism (replication)
o Honesty
Challenges in Social Science
− Values in social research
o Interpretation of data
− Presence of observer
“steati data hages ordiar koig to siee
Other Ways of Knowing
1) Commonsensical Aphorisms
− Defied as a pith stateet itt/shroud stateet
− E.g., To heads are etter tha oe
− E.g., Too a ooks spoil a roth
− Common sense can lead us in opposite directions
o We need to go beyond common sense then to get a true answer
− It therefore has limited use in the world of knowledge
− We need to use systematic data to determine which direction is true knowledge
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
For next class: read pp. x-xi, xxii-xxiv, and ch. Paradigms: involves certain assumptions about how the world works. In(cid:395)ui(cid:396)y and analysis is the answe(cid:396) to (cid:858)how do you know that? (cid:859) Research question = what it is you are trying to understand. (cid:862)ordinary(cid:863) kno(cid:449)ing: speculation and logical analysis, no data, may rely on commonsensical aphorisms, authority (experts, tradition, consensus, casual observation. Science: a body of knowledge; a method of gaining knowledge: falsifiable (test-able) explanations, popper tautology, norms of science, universalism, organized skepticism, disinterestedness, communalism (replication, honesty. Defi(cid:374)ed as a (cid:858)pith(cid:455) state(cid:373)e(cid:374)t(cid:859) (cid:894)(cid:449)itt(cid:455)/shroud state(cid:373)e(cid:374)t(cid:895) E. g. , (cid:862)t(cid:449)o heads are (cid:271)etter tha(cid:374) o(cid:374)e(cid:863) E. g. , (cid:862)too (cid:373)a(cid:374)(cid:455) (cid:272)ooks spoil a (cid:271)roth(cid:863) Common sense can lead us in opposite directions: we need to go beyond common sense then to get a true answer. It therefore has limited use in the world of knowledge. We need to use systematic data to determine which direction is true knowledge: argument from authority.