Sociology 2240E Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Organicism, Persian Letters, Radical Change

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3 big issues all sociologists suggest: epistemology (nominal vs realism) Nominalism: way of thinking that is sensitive to the unique. Ppl internalize norms and values > create culture built on social system. Society as a system of institutions (orgz that perpetuate certain values) We are just players of roles within these institutions (social solidarity) But person metaphorically can step outside the system to critique it (re exivity) Instincts must be universal and immutable (unchangeable) Things like eating are believed instincts, but societal forced change this instinct (ie eating disorders) no universal instincts. We are instinctively wired to act a certain way (genetics) Sponges > all we do is what we"ve had internalized we should do. Realist: explain events with reference to general (whole) (don"t study human interaction, why the general does something) Nominalist: explain events with reference to the intentions of the individual. State of a thing (unable to be objective facts)

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