Statistical Sciences 1024A/B Study Guide - Final Guide: Symmetric Probability Distribution, Simple Random Sample, Alternative Hypothesis

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Sample: part of population we collect information from. Sampling design: describes exactly how to choose a sample from the population. Bias: errors in way the sample represents the population. Nonresponse: when individuals can"t be contacted or won"t participate. Response bias: behaviour of the respondent or interviewer alters answers. Voluntary response sample: people who chose themselves by responding to a broad appeal- biased. Convenience sample: takes members of the population that are easiest to reach- unrepresentative. Random sampling: uses chance to select a sample. Simple random sample (srs): every individual has the same likelihood of being selected. Stratified radom sample: group into strata then have a srs in each sample. Cluster sample: grouping people and using an entire group or multiple groups but not others as the sample. Multistage sample: ex. random sample of telephone exchanges stratified by region, srs of telephone #s and a random adult from each. Observational study: variables are observed/measured and recorded- does nothing to influence.