BI236- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 35 pages long!)
Document Summary
Individual cells can: grow, reproduce, process info, respond to stimuli, carry out chemical reactions, carry hereditary material, surrounded by a plasma membrane. Some cells are visible to the unaided eye: e. g. amoeba proteus, a human egg, and a paramecium. Single cell organisms microorganism: bacteria, archaea, yeast (fungi which is eukaryote) Multi-cell organisms high degree of organization of cells within the organism specialization of cells: human red blood cells, human skin cells, plant cells. Range of light microscope 100 um 1 um. Range of electron microscope 200 nm 1nm. Special microscope 0. 1 nm: hydrogen atom. Two types of cells: prokaryotes, simpler type, characteristic of bacteria and archaea, eukaryotes, more complex type, characteristic of plants, animals, fungi, algae and protozoa. Main distinction between the two cell types is the membrane-bounded nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Based on rrna sequence analysis prokaryotic cells can be divided into the widely divergent bacteria and archaea. Biologist now recognize three domains: archaea, bacteria and eukaryote.
