BI226 Study Guide - Cauliflower Mosaic Virus, Protein Subunit, Glyphosate
Document Summary
Figure above: to synthesize recombinant insulin, synthetic oligonucleotides encoding the insulin a and b chains were inserted (in separate vectors) adjacent to a cloned e. coli lacz gene. The recombinant plasmids were transformed into e. coli where the beta gal/insulin fusion was synthesized and accumulated in the cells. Fusion proteins were then extracted from the host cells and the insulin subunits were purified and mixed to produce a functional insulin molecule. Inactivated vaccines: prepared from killed samples of bacteria and viruses. Attenuated vaccines: weakened or live pathogen which can"t reproduce causing a mild form of the. Cloned surface proteins of pathogenic bacteria and viruses: protein acts as an antigen and stimulates the immune system to make antibodies against the pathogen. Herbicide resistance in crop plants: glyphosate is a herbicide that kills all plants at low concentrations, is biodegradable and is non- toxic to humans.
