EN392 Study Guide - Winter 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - God, Round Table, Knight
EN392
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
EN 372
Movie – A History of Britain, Beginnings
• Orkney has circles of standing stones, revealing what is left of the stone age
• Skyra Brae lies a prolithic community preserved and uncovered in 1850 by a ferocious sea storm
• Houses build from sandstone in the area appear to look like huts which were connected
• Has everything you could want from a village except for a church or a pub
• During Neolithic, houses were half in the ground for comfort and safety
• Necessities would be a hearth they warmed up around and cooked and a small tank to keep
fishing bait. Beds had fur and hay added on
• Made fine bone and ivory accessories, tools, and interior design
• Rudimentary nature of tools
• Skyra Brae likely was part of a large community going past just a fishing and farming community
• Also built up stuff for the underworld and dead for bodies
o Well designed and quite grand to have side chambers for aristocrats
o Often buried with eagles, dogs, or treasure
o Tomb raiders would often leave graffiti
• Climate became colder and wetter, leaving the stone buildings to be covered by layers of peat,
drifting sand, and grass
• Great stone circles, the largest at Avery, but most spectacular at Stone Henge
• Almost as much land was farmed in the iron age as in 1914
• One spectacular difference from Skyra Brae was windowless towers
• Sprung up along mainland as well as edges
• Lots of metalwork
o Pins, broaches, and armour left
o Stylized bronze horses
• Wares shipped all over Europe to the expanding Roman empire
o In turn, they received oils and other Mediterranean goods
o Romans new all about their fat cattle and successful forges
▪ Stories of alarming cults got back to Rome
• Decapitated heads speaking of those who killed them pushed the Romans away
o The Islad of Talkig Heads
• 55 bc Caesar launched gallies across the channel twice. Plans triumphed both times by British
weather (ran directly into a storm sending them back to Gaul)
o Claudius tried the second time 100 years later in an attempt of massive force (40K
troops). He succeeded where Caesar had failed. He seized the towns, striking the British
aristocracy. Gave residents a trip to Rome to reduce their hostility and encourage
cohabitation => Fishbourne palace as big as 4 football pitches
• Many Brits encourage Roman connections
o Queen Boudika resisted the collaboration
• East Anglia declared a slave province. Boudika was stoned and her daughters raped in front of
her. She led a firestorm, burning Roman settlements, leading them to fall back to the Great
Temple of Claudius. Boudika then lit the temple ablaze, burning building and those inside
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find more resources at oneclass.com
o Now had to face the Roman army which ended in a chaotic slaughter on her end
o Boudika took her own life rather than falling into the hands of the Romans
• 79 AD big battle on Mons Grapius => slaughter where Caledonian emperor had a speech on
Scotland soil (this turned out to be a Roman invention)
• Hadria’s all strethed 73 iles oast to oast in response to a rebellion by the Brits
o Not meant to be an impermeable barrier
o Filled with forts and steads which become upcountry hill stations as social or business
centres rather than barracks (controlled and observed traffic – a customs scan on
business on either side of the wall)
o A stein rather than a fence
• Vindelander Tablets found with scrap writing as letters
o Letters deciphered
o Became a society within its own right, becoming a Romano-British infusion of cultures
• Bath was the quintessential Romano-British place
o Alter erected in the bath for the goddess where she could look over those within the
baths and be thrown gifts
• 4th Cen. Romans in deep trouble due to Romanians and political trouble
• Port Dover because a defense area for Britain
• Roman Port Chester built because they felt the barbarians posed a threat
o Built this castle, one of several forts along the coast
o Needed adequate troops but very few were available as they went back to support
Rome
• Rome was sacked and Britannia’s vulnerability led to an anxiety attack
• Many of the Romano-British hoped things would go back to the desired means
o Could’t alays look to other Roe ifested ith ararias ayay
• Hired barbarians to deal with other barbarians (at Saxon shorefronts)
• Less confident buried their treasure and headed for the hills hoping to dig it up when the worst
was all over but they were never able to
o We have discovered many of their riches and artifacts including a beautiful tigress
• Warriors from N Germany & Denmark seemed a boom rather than curse
• Saxons turned on local pop hired to defend, taking land in lieu of pay from Votigan
• Saxons were previous a tiny population, neighbours to the Brits and Romans
• Destroyed baths and basilica to rebuild and maintain a Roman lifestyle in a phantom Britannia
o Eventually fell apart altogether
• Island divided into 3 realms
o Britannia in the West
o Scots staying pagan
o England Saxons and Jutes in the East
• Hungered after what they had destroyed in Rome
o Leaders hungered o be called Roman dukes rather than war chiefs
• Relics from Sutton Hoo
• Seulle invaded the islands with Christian gospels
o St. Patrick roman, stolen by Irish, taken by Brits, and became a gospel messenger
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Lots of metalwork: pins, broaches, and armour left, stylized bronze horses, wares shipped all over europe to the expanding roman empire. Plans triumphed both times by british weather (ran directly into a storm sending them back to gaul: claudius tried the second time 100 years later in an attempt of massive force (40k troops). He seized the towns, striking the british aristocracy. Gave residents a trip to rome to reduce their hostility and encourage cohabitation => fishbourne palace as big as 4 football pitches: many brits encourage roman connections, queen boudika resisted the collaboration, east anglia declared a slave province. Boudika was stoned and her daughters raped in front of her. She led a firestorm, burning roman settlements, leading them to fall back to the great. Reason: not just an opinion or emotional reaction. Work back: visualize the end of the assignment, create a timeline.
