PP110- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 37 pages long!)
Document Summary
Freud claimed that humans are cruel, aggressive and selfish. Psychological egoism: thomas hobbes view, humans are made to act in self interest, humans are material bodies, whenever we do something, we are seeking satisfaction. Marc mercer claims that when people act intentionally they always expect a reward or benefit. Introspection reveals this and we can"t understand their actions as intentional unless we attribute them to a motive. A deductive argument is meant to show its conclusion is true if its premises are true. Inductive argument is meant to show its conclusion is probably true if its premises are true. We say it is valid when its conclusion must be true if the premises are true. An argument that is both valid and true is called a sound argument. Darwinism: creatures have variations that their offspring get. With these advantages they survive better and pass it on (natural selection: theory applies to humans and said we evolved from lower animals.
