ANTH 2100 Study Guide - Vagus Nerve, Chemical Synapse, Stretch Reflex

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11 Sep 2014
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Chemical actions at synapses were proposed in the late 1800s. First showed experimentally using the vagus nerve of the heart. Stimulated the vagus nerve of one heart, decreasing the heart rate. Transferred fluid surrounding that heart to another heart which also decreased the heart rate. No electricity in water, therefore, electricity not directly responsible for the heart contractions. Chemical released into the water; ach released from vagus nerve slows the heart. Action potential in pre-synaptic cell releases chemical messages. The message can either excite or inhibit post synaptic cells. Dependent on the transmitter released/ the receptor present. Action potentials in pre-synaptic cell produce action potentials in a post-synaptic cell (increased rate of firing) Action potentials in the pre-synaptic cell inhibit (slow or stop) the action potentials in the post-synaptic cell. Needs time after to recover, delay before it becomes active again. Up to 20% of the cells in the cortex may contain gaba.

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