BIOL 1001 : Learning objectives

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ivorylizard789

16 Feb 2012

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Mosaic evolution is the concept that evolutionary change takes place in some body parts or systems without simultaneous changes in other parts. An ancestral character is a character inherited from a common ancestor. A derived character is a trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a particular lineage and was passed along to its descendants. Systematists look at characters that are genetically independent because these are the true indicators of speciation and differentiation. They cannot rely on phenotypic traits because similarities in a species physical appearance may arise from convergent evolution. Homologous traits are characteristics that are similar in two species because they inherited the genetic basis of the trait from their common ancestor. Homoplasious/analogous traits are characteristics shared by a set of species, often because they live in similar environments, but not present in their common ancestor; often the product of convergent evolution.

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3. Some Caminalcules went extinct without leaving descendents. In the real world, what intrinsic factors (i.e., related to an organismâs basic reproductive biology, population biology, ecological niche, etc.) or extrinsic factors (e.g., ecological/environmental factors) might increase or decrease the probability of a species going extinct? PLEASE DO NOT REFER TO HUMAN-CAUSED EXTINCTIONS IN YOUR ANSWER.

4. Find two additional examples of convergent evolution among the modern-day Caminalcules. This means finding cases where two or more species have a similar characteristic that evolved

independently in each lineage. The wing of bats, birds and bees is an example of

convergence since the three groups did not inherit the characteristic from their common

ancestor. Write your answers in complete sentences (e.g.,âSpecies x and y both have ____

but their most recent common ancestor, z, did notâ). List two additional real-world examples

of convergent evolution (ones that we have not already talked about in class) and discuss

what might have caused the convergence.

5. a. Describe two examples of vestigial structures that you can find among the

Caminalcules. These are structures that have been reduced to the point that they are

virtually useless. Ear muscles and the tailbones are examples of vestigial structures in our

own species.

b. Explain how vestigial structures provide clues about a speciesâ evolutionary past.

Illustrate your argument with vestigial structures found in humans or other real species.

Kindly answer question 3 to 5 thank you.

apricotmallard604

1. Features in two different groups of organisms that are sharedbecause they were inherited from a common ancestor are examples of:(One word. Case does not matter, but you must spell it exactlycorrect.) ____________

2. A phylogeny is:

	A.	A diagram showing the relationship between groups oforganisms
	B.	A list of the evolutionary innovations possessed by a singlegroup of organisms
	C.	A diagram of all the known ancestors in the fossil record for asingle species living today
	D.	A unit of time used in geology

Homoplasy refers to:

	A.	The tendency of closely related organisms to interbreed witheach other
	B.	Features that ancestors had that were later lost by theirdescendants
	C.	Features in different groups of organisms that are not inheritedfrom a common ancestor
	D.	Features that appear only in a single group of organisms

Archaeopteryx lithographica and Tiktaalikroseae are examples of:

	A.	Fossils that show early forms of multicellular life in thePrecambrian
	B.	Transitional fossils that document the origin of evolutionaryinnovations
	C.	Index fossils that are used to identify the age of rocks
	D.	Living species that retain primitive characteristics

champagnemoose571

Community Ecology

6. Competition between species is called ____________ competition. A. interspecific
B. exploitative
C. interference

D. fundamental E. intraspecific

7. A species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community and helps to determine the types and numbers of various other species in the community is known as
A. a predator.

B. a keystone species. C. the primary species. D. the dominant species. E. the alpha species.

Evolution

1. We build trees because:
A. Organisms are related like members of a family are related.
B. Each lineage has a common ancestor that gave rise to that lineage. C. Characteristics are passed on from parents to offspring.
D. all of the above

2. Evolution basically denotes change in populations to: A. Improve reproductive success.
B. Remove defective individuals.
C. Increase the survival of the most fit individuals.

D. Discover better genes.

3. We can put species into groups based on shared: A. genes.
B. characteristics.
C. ecology.

D. environment.

4. Bats and birds share a common characteristic like having four limbs- homologies- with: A. Amphibians
B. Rodents.
C. Reptiles.

D. all of the above.

5. Which of these are mechanisms of evolution? A. Mutation
B. Migration
C. Gene flow

D. all of the above

6. Natural selection involves the following: A. Variation in traits
B. Differential reproduction
C. Hereditary

D. all of the above

BIOL 1001 : Learning objectives

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