ENVS 1500 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Appledore Island, Genetic Drift

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magentahornet593

2 Nov 2015

School

York University

Department

Environmental Studies

Course

ENVS 1500

Professor

Gail Fraser

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Document Summary

Answer: the population from the 1980s has the large average shell thickness. Answer: the snail population from 1871 has the larger range of variation in shell thickness. Answer: seeley"s prediction was correct, because the average shell thickness and the range of variation in thickness are different for the 1980s snail population versus the. Exercise 1: a model of evolution by natural selection. Answer: we think the average shell thickness will increase. Answer: the snails with thinnest shells are decreased (almost disappear), and the average shell thickness is higher. Because we have tried to maximize crab happiness score so that the snails with thinnest shells were eaten first, conversely, snails with the thicker shells are harder to eat. Compare the staring histogram you saved earlier to this fourth-generation histogram. Has the distribution of shell thickness changed as you predicted in. Answer: yes, the distribution of shell thickness has changed as our predicted in step: the snails with the thinner shells disappeared.

Related Questions

Lab Topic 1: The Process of Science

Introduction

1. Which of the following questions would you consider appropriate scientific questions that can be tested using the scientific method? For the statements that can be tested using the scientific method, explain how your experiment would be set up. Explain the different steps in the scientific method as they relate to this statement.

a. Does the pH of the soil affect the color of hydrangea flowers?

b. What properties of the soil influence the color of hydrangea flowers?

c. Do hydrangeas look more beautiful when grown in the right soil?

d. Was The Day After Tomorrow a better movie than Terminator?

e. Does grass require fertilizer in order to grow?

2. Read this hypothesis and answer the questions below:

Plants kept closer to windows grow larger than plants kept several feet away from windows.

a. Indicate the dependent variable:

b. Indicate the independent variable:

c. List 3 other variables that must be kept constant in this experiment (the control variables).

d. Write a prediction based on the above hypothesis.

Exercise 1.1

Take a Deep Breath

Students will need to take a picture of themselves or their group walking up and down on the step or doing other exercise. Include a note with your name and date on an index card in the picture. Insert picture here:

1. Identify the following in the experimental design. You will need to refer to the protocol to answer this question.

a. Independent variable:

b. Dependent variable:

c. Experimental dataset:

d. Control dataset:

e. Hypothesis:

2. Fill in the data for each individual in your group for the Breath experiment.

	Length of time breath can be held (seconds)
Individual Tested	Resting	After 1 minutes of exercise	After 5 minutes of exercise




Average (take the average for each column)

3. Look at the averages for all individuals in your group. Was the hypothesis you stated in the previous question supported by the âaverage dataâ? Explain your answer!!!

4. Now look at the data for each individual separately. Was there data for anyone in your group that did not support the hypothesis? If yes, explain whythis could be.

5. How many replicates did your group have?________________ Why is it good to have more than one replicate?

Exercise 1.2

Letâs Graph

In this exercise, you will be graphing the data that you collected in exercise 1.1.

1. In exercise 1.1, you identified the independent and dependent variables. Which one goes on the X axis of the graph and which goes on the Y axis?

2. Will you make a line or a bar graph of your data? Explain why you chose this type of graph.

3. You will need to use excel to generate a graph of your data. On this graph, you will need to label the title, independent variable, dependent variable and possibly the legend. You will need to select an appropriate scale so the data is spread out on the graph.

*Consult with your instructor to see how he/she would like for you to submit your graph. You might work on it in class and submit it through D2L or you might submit it at a different time. If you are taking the online version of the class, you will need to use Excel or word to make the graph.

Exercise 1.3

You will need to get the data under exercise 1.3 in the protocol sheet to complete these sections.

1. What is the dependent variable?

2. What is the independent variable?

3. Which, if any, of these individuals has diabetes? ___A or B ___?

4. What data do you have to support your hypothesis?

5. Construct a graph showing the time after eating each group had the greatest blood glucose levels.

1. Humans have the scientific name Homo sapiens. We are members of the family Pongidae, in the order Primates, in the class Mammalia, in the phylum Chordata. Based only on this information, which of the following is not a correct statement?

a. The speciation event (lineage-splitting) that generated the genus Homo occurred earlier than the speciation event that generated the species H. sapiens.

b. The most inclusive of these taxonomic groups is Chordata.

c. The genus Homo might have as many species as are in the entire family Pongidae.

d. There can be no other species in the genus Homo.

e. All mammals must be Chordates.

2. Endotherms differ from ectotherms in that:

a. Environmental temperature has little effect on the energy budget of endotherms but a strong effect on the energy budget of ectotherms.

b. An endotherm's metabolic rate is not affected by temperature whereas the metabolism of an ectotherm has a Q10 of 2-3.

c. Endotherms are vertebrates and ectotherms are invertebrates.

d. On average, endotherms are much better sprinters (i.e., can run faster for short distances) than ectotherms.

e. Endotherms are much better able to support endurance exercise than ectotherms.

3. You measure oxygen consumption of a lizard at three temperatures, as follows: 18 Â°C: 0.090 ml O2/min 23 Â°C: 0.135 ml O2/min 28 Â°C: 0.200 ml O2/min From these data you calculate the Q10 to be:

a. 1.8

b. 2.0

c. 2.2

d. 2.5

e. none of these are correct.

4. What is the best description of how evolution by selection (natural or artificial) works?

a. mutation generates variation randomly, sex makes new combinations of genes randomly, and selection picks the best ones for reproduction.

b. selection leads to non-random mutation to make useful new alleles, which are then combined by sex.

c. exposure to environmental factors leads to non-random mutations that improve fitness.

d. through selection, mutations occur in those genes that will improve fitness.

e. mutation generates random new alleles, and sex combines them in ways that select the best for future generations.

5. Which of the following is a correct match between a major lineage and its characteristics?

a. Archaea: extremophiles, ribosomes, RNA as genetic material, no nuclear membrane

b. Eukarya: mitochondria, DNA as genetic material, photosynthetic or chemohetrotrophic

c. Bacteria: mitochondria, DNA as genetic material, no nuclear membrane

d. Eumetazoa: extremophiles, ribosomes, DNA as genetic material, nuclear membrane, chemoheterotrophic

e. Protostomes: triploblastic, eucoelomate, blastopore becomes anus, indeterminate cleavage

6. Which of the following statements about animal life history events is correct?

a. Being multicellular requires a larval stage in the life cycle.

b. Mutation is sufficient to produce considerable genetic variation between different tissues in an individual.

c. Senescence is defined by slow, constant decline in survival as individuals get older.

d. Different cell types are formed when different but specific portions of the zygoteâs DNA are lost from the different germ layers during development.

e. In an individual, the only cells that differ genetically from other cells are gametes.

7. Which of the following statements about terrestrial vertebrates is correct?

a. Jaws evolved from paired appendages, which in turn evolved because they improved swimming ability.

b. Legs evolved from fins after early fishlike vertebrates invaded the land.

c. Jaws and inner ear bones evolved from gill arches, and leglike appendages evolved under selection for aquatic locomotion.

d. Viviparity (giving birth to well-developed young instead of laying eggs) was vital to the ability to reproduce on land without returning to the water.

e. Lungs for breathing air evolved after early fishlike vertebrates invaded the land (the first land vertebrates had to depend on gills for breathing air)

8. The essential features of a hydrostatic skeleton include:

a. antagonistic muscles.

b. a non-deformable fluid-filled space

c. flexible joints.

d. compressible material capable of changing volume

e. all of the above (a) â (d) are correct.

9. You are a Peace Corps volunteer physician in a developing country. You notice that some of the villages you visit have a high incidence of a parasitic disease, but other nearby villages are unaffected. Investigating you find the villages with disease are in wet areas with lots of snails and frogs, while the disease-free villages are in drier places but have lots of insects and mice. From this information, what might you reasonably conclude about the type of parasite responsible for the disease?

a. Itâs a trematode (these need mollusks as intermediate hosts).

b. Itâs a nematode (these are vectored mainly by frogs).

c. Itâs an apicomplexan parasite (these require wet areas and enter the skin through standing water).

d. Itâs a trypanosome (these are transmitted by mammal bites).

e. The information doesnât provide useful clues about the type of parasite.

10. Which of the following pairs of primary diagnostic characters is correctly matched with taxonomic groups?

a. circulatory system vs. water vascular system: Nematoda vs. Echinodermata

b. schizocoely vs. enterocoely: Radiata vs. Bilateria

c. pharyngeal slits vs. polyp and medusa: Chordata vs. Cnidaria

d. gastrovascular cavity vs. complete gut: Cnidaria vs. Cestoda

e. hemocoel vs. contractile vacuole: apicomplexans vs. rhizopoda

Please provide explanation too.

ENVS 1500 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Appledore Island, Genetic Drift

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