Kine 1020 – Sept 11/13
A brief history
- Healthy people tend to be healthier
- Those who think they have no time for bodily exercise will sooner or later have to find time for
illness (those who are not healthy are gonna get screwed in the future) – Edward Stanley (1873)
o Luigi Galvani – Electricity stimulates Contraction
o Carl Ludwig – Human Blood Pressure
o Augustus De’sire Waller – electrical activity of human heart
o Archibald V hill – VO2 Max
o A.F. Huxley – muscle cross bridges in contraction
Lifestyle Factors in Health
- Relationships between lifestyle and health behaviours:
o People who smoke are less likely to engage in leisure time physical activity
o People who increase physical activity do not generally stop smoking except in highly
trained individuals
o More active individuals also exhibit better nutritional practices
o No consistent relationship between physical activity and alcohol consumption
o Relationship between physical activity involvement and positive health and safety
practices is inconclusive
What is physical Fitness?
1. Body composition
2. Musculoskeletal Fitness
3. Cardiovascular Fitness
What is health?
- The Health Continuum
Sept 16 ,2013
Health –
- World Health Orgainzation – a state of complete physical, mental, social well being, not merely
the absence of disease
o The enjoyment of highest attainable health is fundamental human right
- Not merely an absence of disease of infirmity
What is being Healthy
- “a connection between the body, mind and spirit” - What makes you(or keeps you) healthy
o Behaviour
o Genetics
o Community and society (Health Care)
o Environment (Health Care)
Healthcare “Systems”
- Canada has a government- sponsored public plan available to all citizens that covers almost all
elements of healthcare (usually not medication)
- The United States offers some government-sponsored programs, but the majority buy private
healthcare through some private programs
Access to Care
- Canada promises care to all citizens; no one is uninsured because of income or job medical
insurance
- Canada has longer wait times for access to care
o There are fewer MRI and CT machines in Canada than in the US
o Patients are ranked based on urgency
- Universal coverage for medically necessary health care services provided on the basis of need,
rather than the ability to pay
- Termed “medicare” – a publicly funded health care system
OHIP
- Ontario residents are eligible for provincially funded health coverage (OHIP).
Ways in which US may be considered superior
- More docs + equipment
- More quicker to medical care
- more $$$ = more quality
- doctors earn more $$$
Canada > US
- Wealthier or not everyone is the sae
- Access to doctors and equipment are guaranteed
- Less spending
- Longer life expectancy
- Doctors, not the insurance companies decide who get medical attention
If you are wealthy in the US, and your family is one serious illness from bankruptcy
- If you have a serious illness/ disease your employer or insurance company will dump you - Medical problems caused 62% of all personal bankruptcies filed in the U.S. in 2007.
- Surprisingly, ~ 80% of those who filed bankruptcy had medical insurance at the start of their
illness, including 60% who had private coverage (i.e.. not Medicare or Medicaid).
- Highest costs were associated with complications form diabetes
Current Health care
- Focus is on treatment of disease ($$$$)
- Greater need to adopt health promotion
o Process of allowing people to increase their own control over and improve their health
Self care ( keep yourself healthy)
Mutual aid ( helping one another and helping another from illness and shit
helping the poor and the least important ones in society)
Healthier environment ( keep all your stuff clean and crap
Canadian’s Current Health Care Status
- The % of Canadian population reporting good health status is decreasing (89.2% to 88.2% for
both genders and most age groups during the period 1994-2004). ( we are getting into worse
health)
- Circulatory diseases, including heart disease, are the leading causes of death (~35% of all
deaths). ( strokes, heart attacks)
- Obesity and obesity-related morbidities are a major public health concern. In 2005, 22.4% of the
population aged 18 years and over was obese and 35.1% was overweight. ( get fatter as we get
older)
- Main challenges to the Canadian system are related to:
- ageing population
o prevalence of avoidable diseases caused by poor health habits
o financing of long-term care services
o financing of expensive new technologies and drugs
o Shortage/ unbalanced geographic distribution of health care professionals.
Health and Wellness defined
- Prevention, protection
- Risk assessment
- Biomedical sciences
CAM
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