LING 1000 Study Guide - Final Guide: Phrase Structure Rules, Free Variation, Complementary Distribution
12 Apr 2016
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D-structure formed by merging consituents in accordance with the phrase structure rules of a language and the subcategorizaion and themaic requirements of syntacic heads. S-structure formed from a corresponding d-structure representaion by means of movement rules (such as subject-auxiliary inversion, wh-movement, np movement) Subject-auxiliary inversion move the iniial auxiliary clause into an empty c posiion (can also apply to lexical be if there is no auxiliary) Wh-movement move a wh-consituent (who, whom, what, where, why, how, which, whose, when) to sentence iniial posiion. Np-movement move an object np to an empty subject posiion. Speech vs wriing modern wriing systems are not appropriate for represening speech for a variety of reasons. Logographic wriing systems (e. g. chinese): symbols represent words or concepts rather than speech sounds. Syllabic wriing systems (e. g. cree): symbols represent syllables rather than individual speech sounds. Phoneic alphabet characterized by a one-to-one correspondence between symbols and sounds. Allophone any phoneic realizaion of a phoneme.
