NATS 1565 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Adenosine Triphosphate, Dietary Fiber, Cellulase

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Monosaccharide also simple sugars, are the smallest carbohydrates. These contain only one carbon ring (or one sugar molecule); such examples are glucose and fructose. Disaccharide - two sugar molecules chemically bonded together (two carbon rings). An example is sucrose = glucose + fructose. Polysaccharide - are made of many monosaccharide subunits. Glucose - glucose is produced in photosynthesis, used by the plant, and stored as complex carbohydrates. Energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose is liberated in cells to create molecules of atp (adenosine triphosphate), which transfer energy to metabolic reactions in the cell. Sucrose - sucrose, a disaccharide, is composed of a molecule of glucose and a molecule of fructose bonded together. Starch - is the storage polysaccharide in plants. Glycogen glycogen is a storage molecule found in fungi, bacteria, animals and in humans (muscle and liver) Amylase - amylase breaks down starch into maltose, which contains two glucose molecules.

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