PSYC 2030 Study Guide - Winter 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Neuron, Dependent And Independent Variables, Axon
12 Oct 2018
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Department
Course
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PSYC 2030
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
PSYC 2030 Lecture 1 Notes
Introduction
Describing Data
• The point to remember: Doubt big, round, undocumented numbers.
• That’s atually a lesso e ituitiely appreiate, y fidig preise uers ore
credible (Oppenheimer et al., 2014).
• When U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry sought to rally American support in 2013 for a
ilitary respose to “yria’s apparet use of heial eapos, his arguet gaied
credibility from its precision
• The Uited “tates goeret o kos that at least 49 “yrias were killed in this
attak, iludig at least 46 hildre.
• Statistical illiteracy also feeds needless health scares (Gigerenzer et al., 2008, 2009,
2010).
• In the 1990s, the British press reported a study showing that women taking a particular
contraceptive pill had a 100 percent increased risk of blood clots that could produce
strokes.
• This caused thousands of women to stop taking the pill, leading to a wave of unwanted
pregnancies and an estimated 13,000 additional abortions (which also are associated
with increased blood-clot risk).
• And what did the study find?
• A 100 percent increased risk, indeed—but only from 1 in 7000 to 2 in 7000.
• Such false alarms underscore the need to teach statistical reasoning and to present
statistical information more transparently.
• How do we describe data using three measures of central tendency, and what is the
relative usefulness of the two measures of variation?
• Once researchers have gathered their data, they may use descriptive statistics to
organize that data meaningfully.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• A ilitary respose to “yria’s apparet use of heial eapos, his arguet gaied
credibility from its precision
• The Uited “tates goeret o kos that at least 49 “yrias ere killed i this
attack, including at least 426 children.
• Statistical illiteracy also feeds needless health scares (Gigerenzer et al., 2008, 2009,
2010).
• In the 1990s, the British press reported a study showing that women taking a particular
contraceptive pill had a 100 percent increased risk of blood clots that could produce
strokes.
• This caused thousands of women to stop taking the pill, leading to a wave of unwanted
pregnancies and an estimated 13,000 additional abortions (which also are associated
with increased blood-clot risk).
• How do we describe data using three measures of central tendency, and what is the
relative usefulness of the two measures of variation?
• Once researchers have gathered their data, they may use descriptive statistics to
organize that data meaningfully.
• And what did the study find?
• A 100 percent increased risk, indeed—but only from 1 in 7000 to 2 in 7000.
• Such false alarms underscore the need to teach statistical reasoning and to present
statistical information more transparently.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
,420,000 incomes will create a deceptively large range: the more useful standard for measuring how much scores deviate from one another is the standard deviation. It better gauges whether scores are packed together or dispersed, because it uses information from each score: always note which measure of central tendency is reported. It helps to know something about the amount of variation in the data: how similar or diverse the scores are, a couple of extreme scores in an otherwise uniform group, such as the ,000 and. Significant differences: the computation assembles information about how much individual scores differ from the mean. Individuals indicate a highly significant tendency for firstborn individuals to have higher average scores than their later-born siblings (kristensen & bjerkedal, 2007; zajonc & Neural and hormonal systems biology, behavior, and mind. I(cid:374)deed, (cid:374)o pri(cid:374)ciple is (cid:373)ore ce(cid:374)tral to today"s psychology, tha(cid:374) this: everything psychological is simultaneously biological.
