PSYC 2030 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Applied Behavior Analysis, Confirmation Bias, Social Cognition
20 Mar 2014
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The r ationale is that when you use large n, group averages are taken and are contaminated by individual differences between subjects. The data might not have validity for any specific subject. Individual-subject validity is the extent to which the general outcome of a research study characterizes the behavior of the subjects in the study. A lack for it can produce erroneous conclusions about behavior. Practical problems with large n designs often occur with the difficulties of finding large quantities of subjects to test experiments on. It follows the a-b-a design, but there is a second treatment period established (second b). Changing criterion design is a small n design in which the criterion for receiving reinforcement begins at a modest level and becomes more severe as the study progresses. A-b-c-b design compares contingent reinforcement (b) with non-contingent reinforcement (c). It allows the researcher to separate the effects of reinforcement and contingency: a-a.
