BIO-110 FA5- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 31 pages long!)
12 Oct 2017
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Lecture 1 and 2: intro to cells and chem of life. Simple chemical compounds bind to form carbon containing substances. Water: universal solvent, uses cohesion to stick to other water molecules, adhesion to stick to other substances, water is very polar, dissolves other polar molecules. Carbon: versatile because it can form many covalent bonds. Strength of bonds: covalent, ionic, hydrogen, van der waals. Structure of proteins: non ionized form, ionized form. Four covalent bonds: hydrogen, carboxyl, amino group, r side chain. Bond through peptide bonds: polypeptide chains, link together to create protein through hydrogen bonds. Secondary structure: specialized due to h bonds. Proteins catalysts: enzymes work by lowering activation rate of reaction. Nucleotides: made of phosphate groups, five carbon sugar, nitrogenous bases (purine, pyrimidine) Purines are bigger (two rings), pyrimidines are smaller (one ring: a t 2 bonds, c g 3 bonds, purine- adenine, guanine, pyrimidine cytosine, thymine, uracil. Total # purines is equal to the total # of pyrimidines.
