[BIOL 2000] - Midterm Exam Guide - Everything you need to know! (96 pages long)
7 Feb 2017
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Document Summary
Bio molecules are stable and fill 2nd energy level. Ex: 12c: most abundant form: 14c: rare isotope (2 extra neutrons) Increases up and to the right, flourine most, caesium least. Attracts electrons to itself in a molecule. Ex: o is more electronegative than h so pulls electrons in a water molecule. # of e need to fill outer shell. Polar, good solvent, no net charge but partial charge. Hydrogen bonding: partial h+ noncovalently with a more eneg atom. Heat: put in energy to break bonds to raise temp. Na transfers e to cl: na is positive and cl is negative. Dissociates in water to na+ and cl- Gives up h= in aq, drops ph, Water: weakest acid gives up h+ rarely. Weak acid to conjugate base + h+ Ex: add naoh: pushes to right, acetic acid gives up h+ Pka: take and give h+ happens readily. 50% ionized, small ph changes in pka zone.
