[BIOL 118] - Final Exam Guide - Ultimate 40 pages long Study Guide!
30 Mar 2017
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Chapter 1: biology and the tree of life. Three great and unifying ideas that revolutionized science: the cell theory, the theory of evolution by natural selection, the chromosome theory of inheritance. Hypothesis: a proposed explanation that can be tested: scientists then design experiments to test hypothesis, often an educated guess e. g. theory: all living organisms are made of cells. Devised an elegant experiment to test both hypotheses. The theory of evolution by natural selection: darwin, ancestors: read pages 19-27, 45-47, 49-54. Chapter 2: water and carbon: the chemical basis of life. The building blocks of life: hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, make up 96% of all matter in organisms, many elements can be found in organisms. Unfilled electron orbitals: allow the formation of chemical bonds that attach atoms together, atoms are most stable when each orbital has 2 electrons. Types of chemical bonds: covalent: unpaired electrons are shared by each atom to fill their orbitals.
