PSYCH 131 Study Guide - Final Guide: Genital Stage, Phallic Stage, Oedipus Complex
8 May 2017
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What is adjustment: adjustment- the physiological processes through which people manage or cope with the demands and challenges of everyday life. Committed to empiricism: empiricism- the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation. Advantages to the scientific approach: clarity & precision, relative intolerance of error. The two main types of research methods used in psychology: experimental & correlational. Experimental research: looking for causes: experiment- a research method in which the investigator manipulates the independent variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occur in a second variable (the dependent variable) as a result. Individuals personalities are shaped by how they cope with their sexual urges: freud divided personality structure into 3 components: Defense mechanisms: defense mechanisms- largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from painful emotions such as anxiety and guilt. Identification- involves bolstering self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with a person or a group.
