CAS BI 203 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Glut4, Enzyme Inhibitor, Drug Discovery
4 Jul 2018
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Part I
1) The initial signal, the receptor that binds the signal, the signalling molecule that transmits
the message and the effector that results in short term or long term cellular change.
2) Change amount of protein, which is a part of the pathway.
3) By adding or removing phosphate, could change enzyme function and structure. Change
the way a protein is folded because phosphates are charged.
4) Kinase adds a phosphate, phosphatase removes it. Specific aa sequence (consensus
motif/sequence) determines what gets phosphorylated.
5) Ability to move between membranes
6) Needs to be regulated to turn pathways on and off.Not everything can be on and off at the
same time. Cannot have homeostasis if everything is going one way. Expending
unnecessary energy.
7) Adrenaline (fight or flight), wound healing response, muscle contraction, immune
response
Part II
1) Diabetes- not producing any or enough insulin. If you know what’s going wrong within
pathway, you can find a treatment for it. Drug discovery. diagnosis
2) He cannot process glucose as well, so he has less energy than normal.
3) A lot of different things need to happen at once. Maybe if one doesn’t work…
a) Many different sites that can be phosphorylated, so many tf’s can bind and
recognize the sequences. This can trigger various signalling pathways.
4) Lack of insulin doesn’t allow for glucose uptake because it’s the signalling molecule that
starts the pathway. Losing the GLUT4 transporter, because it’s triggered by insulin.
5) Some may need more energy than others depending on what’s being performed.
6) Location of the cell, major function of the cell differs within the body.
a) Environmental factors that tell you to take in more glucose.
b) Different cells are going to have different types of kinases and transcription
factors, there’s going to be a different response.
Part III
1) Purpose of feedback inhibition- to stop a pathway when it’s no longer needed. Once
response is done, and goal is achieved, it stops.
a) Problem when it stops when it isn’t supposed to
2) Need more insulin than normal to get same response.
a) Less phosphorylation sites, insulin inhibited in binding and kinase production.
a.i) Secondary and tertiary effectors cannot be produced.
a.ii) desensitization
3) Insulin not binding properly, or not being there at all to bind to the receptor.
a) Maybe changing chromatin conformation and cannot transcribe GLUT4.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Change the way a protein is folded because phosphates are charged: kinase adds a phosphate, phosphatase removes it. Specific aa sequence (consensus motif/sequence) determines what gets phosphorylated: ability to move between membranes, needs to be regulated to turn pathways on and off. not everything can be on and off at the same time. Cannot have homeostasis if everything is going one way. Expending unnecessary energy: adrenaline (fight or flight), wound healing response, muscle contraction, immune response. Part ii: diabetes- not producing any or enough insulin. If you know what"s going wrong within pathway, you can find a treatment for it. Drug discovery. diagnosis: he cannot process glucose as well, so he has less energy than normal, a lot of different things need to happen at once. Maybe if one doesn"t work : many different sites that can be phosphorylated, so many tf"s can bind and recognize the sequences.
