CAS EC 102 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Tax Credit, Disposable And Discretionary Income, Loanable Funds

Exam coming up pretty soon and I just need to see the step by step solutions to these problems in order to make sure I am doing them correctly.
Greatly appreciated!

1. Workers in a certain job are trained by the company, and the company calculates that to recoup its investment costs the workers’ wages must be $5 per hour below their marginal productivity. Suppose that after training, wages are set at $5 below marginal productivity, but that developments in the product market quickly (and permanently) reduce marginal productivity by $2 per hour. If the company does not feel it can lower wages or employee benefits, how will its employment level be affected in the short run? How will its employment level be affected in the long run? Explain, being sure to define what you mean by short run and long run!

2. The manager of a major league baseball team argues: “Even if I thought Player X was washed up, I couldn’t get rid of him. He’s in the third year of a four-year, $24 million deal. Our team is in no position to eat the rest of his contract.” Analyze the manager’s reasoning using economic theory.

3. Assume that the labor supply curve to a firm is the one given in Problem 1 above that is, (E=5W). If the firm’s marginal revenue product of labor (MRPL) 240 – 2E, what is the profit-maximizing level of employment (E* ) and what is the wage level (W * ) the firm would have to pay to obtain E *workers?

4. Major league baseball teams scout and hire younger players whom they then train in the minor leagues for a period of three to five years. Very few of their trainees (perhaps 5 percent) actually make it to the major leagues, but if they do they are bound to the team that owns their contract for a period of five years. After five years, the player can become a "free agent" and choose any major league team on which to play.Keeping in mind that the major league teams pay the costs of, but derive no revenues from, their minor league teams, what would be the most important predictable effects of allowing players to become free agents immediately upon entry into the major leagues?

5. A minimum wage will influence different labor markets differently. In four separate market diagrams, illustrate the following cases: (i) a competitive market in which causes a 50% reduction in labor demand; (ii) a competitive market in which the minimum wage does not causes a % reduction in labor demand; (iii) a monopsony market where the minimum wage increases employment; (iv) a monopsony market where the minimum wage decreases employment. (Hint under the monopsony model of minimum wages, the effective marginal expenditure curve has a horizontal range at the level of the minimum wage and then jumps to rejoin the original marginal expenditure curve.)

Question 1

The law of demand states that there is a direct relationship between supply and demand.

True

False

4 points

Question 2

Equilibrium is a state of balance between supply and demand.

True

False

4 points

Question 3

Goods are scarce for both rich and poor.

True

False

4 points

Question 4

"The big corporations in this country, like ExxonMobil and GM, have deep pockets and need to be hiring more people." This is a positive statement about economic policy.

True

False

4 points

Question 5

The law of supply states that there is a direct relationship between price and quantity demanded.

True

False

4 points

Question 6

In the circular flow model, firms own economic resources, and householdsbuy the manufactured products and services.

True

False

4 points

Question 7

Households play a dual role of providing the factors of production whilepurchasing the goods and services of firms.

True

False

4 points

Question 8

Opportunity cost is the lowest valued benefit that must be sacrificed asthe result of choosing an alternative.

True

False

4 points

Question 9

Scarcity denotes that our desire for a good exceeds the amount that isfreely available from nature.

True

False

4 points

Question 10

Economics is a social science concerned with satisfying man's unlimitedwants with limited resources.

True

False

4 points

Question 11

Joint output of individuals or nations will be maximized when goods areexchanged between parties in accordance with the law of"comparative advantage".

True

False

4 points

Question 12

The production possibilities frontier assumes that the level of technologyvaries when applying the model.

True

False

4 points

Question 13

Excess demand in the market will cause the price of a product to decline.

True

False

4 points

Question 14

Demand is measured on the vertical axis and supply on the horizontalaxis.

True

False

4 points

Question 15

A change in quantity demanded is a movement along the same demandcurve.

True

False

4 points

Question 16

As globalization and world trade proliferates, individual markets withincountries' economies become more competitive.

True

False

4 points

Question 17

Which growth theory compares a subsistence real wage rate to the actual real wage rate?

4 points

Question 18

Suppose the working age population in Tiny Town is 100 people. If 25 of these people are NOT in the labor force, the ________ equals ________.

4 points

Question 19

Suppose there is a rise in the real wage rate. As a result, the quantity of labor demanded:

4 points

Question 20

GDP can be computed as the sum of:

4 points

Question 21

The real wage rate equals:

4 points

Question 22

If the CPI was 121.5 at the end of 2007 and 138.3 at the end of 2008, the inflation rate over these two years was:

4 points

Question 23

A movement along the production function is the result of a change in:

4 points

Question 24

All of the following are part of fiscal policy EXCEPT:

4 points

Question 25

Along a production possibilities frontier for real GDP and the quantity of leisure time, as leisure time increases, real GDP: