CAS PS 222 Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Retina, Neuron, Visual Cortex
12 Oct 2018
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CAS PS 222
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Neurotransmitters
Chemical communication between neurons
o A complex chemical molecule, the NT moves from the vesicles
in the axon bulb of one neuron, across the synapse (=space
between neurons) to the receptor site on a dendrite of
another neuron.
Lock and key phenomenon = only certain receptors can
pick up the right NT
Synaptic transmission of neuronal impulses
NTs are:
o Released by the presynaptic neuron from vesicles
o Received by the postsynaptic neuron on receptor sites
o Matched like a lock and key for each receptor site
o Used as trigger for voltage change in the postsynaptic
neuron
NTs make communication possible between neurons possible by:
o Crossing the synapse
o Lock and key model
NTs will affect the postsynaptic membrane only if the
molecules shape fits the certain synaptic receptor sites
(Synaptic Transmission virtual lab C2 #6 )
Reuptake or Deactivation occurs
o Some transmitters are inactivated shortly after being
discharged by “cleanup” enzymes
Ex: achetylcholineresterase
NTs
o Powerful chemicals that regulate numerous physical and
emotional processes. They are the chemical messengers of
the brain
o The can either be excitatory or inhibitory
Excitatory: in crease the likelihood that the next
neuron will fire
depolarization
Inhibitory: decrease the likelihood that the next
neuron will fire
hyperpolarization
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Types of NTs
o Acetylcholine
The chemical key that link motor neurons and muscles
To walk, run, talk, etc Ach is released
Block release of Ach
Paralysis of skeletal muscles
Increase the release of Ach
ex: Black widow spider bite-
violent muscle contractions
o Dopamine
Controls motor coordination
Too little – Parkinson’s disease
Too much- linked to schizophrenia
o Serotonin
Lowers activity levels and causes sleep
Too little is linked to depression
Excesses linked to chronic anxiety
SSRIs: selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
This drug stops the reuptake, and keeps the
Serotonin chilling in the synapse
-drug used for depression
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Chemical communication between neurons: a complex chemical molecule, the nt moves from the vesicles in the axon bulb of one neuron, across the synapse (=space between neurons) to the receptor site on a dendrite of another neuron. Lock and key phenomenon = only certain receptors can. Synaptic transmission of neuronal impulses pick up the right nt. Nts are: released by the presynaptic neuron from vesicles, received by the postsynaptic neuron on receptor sites, matched like a lock and key for each receptor site, used as trigger for voltage change in the postsynaptic neuron. Nts make communication possible between neurons possible by: crossing the synapse, lock and key model. Nts will affect the postsynaptic membrane only if the molecules shape fits the certain synaptic receptor sites (synaptic transmission virtual lab c2 #6 ) Reuptake or deactivation occurs: some transmitters are inactivated shortly after being discharged by cleanup enzymes. Nts: powerful chemicals that regulate numerous physical and emotional processes.
