HUM 223 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Christianity, Protestant Reformation, French Revolution

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HUM 223
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
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Industry and Culture in the 19th Century
Industrialization and Progress
-19th century as the "Age of Progress"
-Industrialization revolutionaries European culture
-Growth of industry and expansion of trade
-Railroads as the means of industrial expansion
Importance of the Railroads
-Transportation of goods
-Dependence on natural resources increases demand
:Increase coal and iron production
:Railroads enable access to remote mines
-Rapid growth demands industrial innovation to increase factory production
Industrial Growth
-Coal output in 1850 (thousands of metric tons)
:Great Britain
50,200
:Germany
5,100
:France
4,434
:Belgium
5,821
:Austria
877
Industrial Growth
-19th century witnessed rapid urbanization
:1830's London gained 130,000 people
:1841-1846 Paris gained 120,000 people
:1815-1848 Berlin gained 180,000 people
-Increased demand for factory workers
:Increased demand for cheaper manufactured goods
-Creation of the "working class"
Great Exhibition of 1851
-Celebration of the age of progress
-Organized by Prince Albert in London
-International fair on technology
Crystal Palace
-Centerpiece of the fair
-Houses the pavilions for each country represented
-Ultimate demonstration of British engineering
Reactions to the Great Exhibition
-Overwhelming success; over 6 million tickets were sold
-Reinforces the status of London as the center of Britain
-Conservatives feared that the exhibition would be the focus of revolutionary mobs
-Radicals (like Marx) viewed it as a display of capitalism's excesses
The Downside of Industrialization
-Growing consumer class also meant a growing working class
-Working class life
:Long work days 6 days a week
:Livelihood dependent on everyone working
:Squalid living conditions (who has time to clean)
Charles Dicks and Urban Poverty
-A Christmas Carol; moral obligations of the middle class towards the working poor
-Oliver Twist; life in an orphanage under the poor laws
-Literature represents social realism
-Oliver Twist is based on the early life of Robert Blincoe
-Robert Blincoe is a rags to middle class story
:Often viewed in the 19th century as the "progressive" nature of industrialization
-Hardships of child labor; basis for Dicken's critique of the factory system
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English Parliament and Industry
-Parliament investigates factory conditions in 1833; Robert Blincoe is interviewed
-Factory act of 1833 restricts child labor
-Poor law amendment act of 1834
:Central commission to oversee poor relief
:Regulates conditions of poor houses
Industrialization of France
-Government expenditure on infrastructure
:Goal is to "catch up" with England
:Railroad law of 1842; construction of a national railroad
-Benefits of "hindsight"; social reform alongside industrial reform
:Primary education law of 1833
:Child labor law of 1841
George Haussman's Plans
-Create wide avenues and eliminate alleys
-Rebuild the city center
-Reorganize social distribution of the city
PAINTINGS:
Crystal Palace
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Document Summary

Rapid growth demands industrial innovation to increase factory production. Coal output in 1850 (thousands of metric tons) Overwhelming success; over 6 million tickets were sold. Reinforces the status of london as the center of britain. Conservatives feared that the exhibition would be the focus of revolutionary mobs. Radicals (like marx) viewed it as a display of capitalism"s excesses. Growing consumer class also meant a growing working class. :squalid living conditions (who has time to clean) A christmas carol; moral obligations of the middle class towards the working poor. Oliver twist; life in an orphanage under the poor laws. Oliver twist is based on the early life of robert blincoe. Robert blincoe is a rags to middle class story. :often viewed in the 19th century as the progressive nature of industrialization. Hardships of child labor; basis for dicken"s critique of the factory system. Parliament investigates factory conditions in 1833; robert blincoe is interviewed.

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