HIST 173 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - United States Congress, White Supremacy, President Of The United States
HIST 173
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
HIST 173
9.5.2017
The Possibilities and Limits of Freedom, 1867-1877
Review
Radical Reconstruction
• Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens
o Religious areas of the north
o Reformed beliefs of equality
o Latter was way more radical
• 14th amendment
o Equal protection of the law
o Compromise: did not explicitly grant blacks the right to vote. Said that state’s
representation in Congress would be reduced if blacks barred from voting.
o Introduced male into the constitution
o Every southern state expect TN refused to ratify
• Johnson’s Swing around the circle
o Travelled around giving speeches against the amendments
▪ Thinks that it is threatening to the union
• Reconstruction Act of 1867
o Passed by congress over Johnson’s veto
o Divided the south in five military districts
• State Government Under Radical Reconstruction
o New state governments considerably more progressive
▪ Created first free public school, still segregated
▪ Funded social services and built new public facilities, ensure black access
to public accommodations
▪ Eliminate corporal punishment
▪ Raised taxes on large property holders
• Union Leagues
o Began in the north during the civil way to support the union and abolition
▪ Spread to the south during radical reconstruction where they were used as
forums for black political education and voter registration
▪ Defended members rights before employers and local governments
▪ Militias grew up alongside to united states to protect black communities
from white retaliation
o Began to see legislature consisted of blacks and whites
▪ South Carolina = first state with black majority
• Southern Opposition to Reconstruction
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
o “Lost cause” ideology
▪ Viewed slavery as benevolent system, civil war as a Yankee invasion, and
reconstruction as an attempt to destroy the southern way of life.
▪ “Scalawags” – White Southerners who joined the republican party, seen as
traitors to their race and region
▪ “Carpetbaggers” – northerners coming down to impose their views
• Corruption across the borders
• Vicksburg, Mississippi
o Fell on july 4 to the yankee invasion
o Jefferson Davis = good slave owner
▪ “Every colored man he ever owned loved him.” – William Sanford,
former slave of Davis
▪ Slaves were treated like a friend and were given nice food, clothing, and
stayed with their family.
• Portrayed Reconstruction as a bad time for newly freed slaves
o Carpetbaggers were not helpful towards the blacks
o Most of the help came from the North for the blacks
• KKK and Racist Violence
o Founded in 1865 in Pulaski Tennessee as a social club for former confederate
soldiers
▪ Grew into terrorist organization that targeted African Americans and
republicans under the first “grand wizard” Nathan Bedford Forrest
o Used political violence to intimidate, injure, and kill republican voters leading up
to ---
• Presidential election of 1868
o Republicans were charged with “waving the bloody shirt”
o Democrats were focused on the “this is a white man’s country; let white men
rule”
o Republicans Ulysses S. Grant, union war hero, elected over democrat Horatio
Seymour
• 15th amendment, 1870
o Outlawed discrimination in voting the basis of race (not gender)
▪ Delinked race and citizenship in the constitution, while leaving gender
boundary intact
▪ Changed the status quo in south and north
• 1868, 21 northern states still prevented African-Americans from
voting
▪ Expansion of federal power
▪ Seen by some as the end if reconstruction
• Black Legislators
o First colored senator and representatives
▪ 41st and 42nd congress of the united states
• Redemption
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Radical reconstruction: charles sumner and thaddeus stevens, religious areas of the north, reformed beliefs of equality, latter was way more radical, 14th amendment, equal protection of the law, compromise: did not explicitly grant blacks the right to vote. The measure, therefore, seems to be as inconsistent with the actual condition of country it is at variance with the constitution of united states. Transformation of the american west; the second industrial revolution and the (first?) Transcontinental railroad (completed 1869: 1869 the union pacific and central pacific rails joined in ut, mining, logging, fishing, signaled the dominance of white people over the native americans, they were badly outmatched, golden spike. Immigrants from chinese: 1860, central pacific railroad employed over 12,000 chinese laborers, more than. 90 percent of it: 1882 chinese exclusion act, first time that race had been used to restrict an entire group from entering the country, discrimination and mob violence against chinese settled in the west, chinese pop.
