CHEM 1133 Midterm: Chapter 20 Thermodynamics Study Guide
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Revisiting thermochemistry: thermochemistry: branch of chemistry that deals with the heat involved in chemical and physical changes, first law of thermodynamics: the energy of the universe is constant. Endothermic reaction: heat must be absorbed, h > 0. Exothermic reaction: heat is given off, h < 0. Just knowing if a rxn is exothermic or endothermic doesn"t necessarily determine if a rxn will occur on its own or if an external driving force is required for the rxn to occur. Suniverse = ssystem + ssurroundings > 0. Entropy is a state function: s = sfinal - sinitial. If s < 0 (negative) increased disorder = favorable decreased disorder = unfavorable: focus on the number of moles of gas: Entropy: third law of thermodynamics: entropy (s) for a perfect crystal at 0 k is zero. All particles in the crystal have minimum energy, so there is only one microstate no disorder. It is possible to calculate the absolute entropy of a substance.
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