BIOLOGY 207 Midterm: Exam 1 guide
Document Summary
Phylogenetic trees: shows relationships between species; the splitting of lineages through time. Clades: ancestor and all of its descendants make up a clade. Vertical vs horizontal decent: vertical descent means moving from an ancestor to its descendants, the tree splits vertically. Primary endosymbiosis: former bacteria living inside eukaryotic cells; comes from an ancestral archaean cell engulfing a eubacteria. Harmful algal blooms (habs): produce hepatotoxins, aka liver toxins. #1 microcystis aeruginosa (cyanobacteria): through primary endosymbiosis became the chloroplasts in some eukaryotic organisms; prochlorococcus is a planktonic cyanobacterium that likely produced 20% of atmospheric oxygen; caused increase of oxygen in the atmosphere. Haeckel 1866: haeckel"s tree of life drawing of a tree with the branches like a tree of life stick drawing is; haeckel was darwin"s bulldog. Supports more of a web of life thinking. They oxygenated the atmosphere that opened the door for aerobic organisms. Panspermia hypothesis: extraterrestrial hypothesis for origin of life on earth.
