MICRO 20 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Fluid Compartments, Osmotic Concentration, Sodium Chloride

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27 Mar 2018

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The random movement of microscopic particles suspended in a liquid or or gas caused by collisions between these particles and the molecules of the liquid or gas a. Measure of the amount of a molecule called a solute in a specific volume called a solvent a. The molecule being dissolved in a solvent b. The volume of liquid that the solute is being dissolved in c. A high concentration in one area and an adjacent area of low concentration. Solute concentration = mass of solute/volume of solvent. Be able to solve concentration calculations similar to those on pg. Example: if . 160g of acetaminophen is dissolved in 0. 005l calculate the solute concentration in grams per liters of the acetaminophen solution. The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is obtained. Temperature, concentration gradient and size of the molecule a. The higher temperature allows diffusion to move at a higher rate due.

Related Questions

Cell Membranes Lab Report

Diffusion

Compare the following terms: solvent, solute, andsolution.

Go to Lab, Section I, Exercise 1 to explore the factorsinfluencing the rate of diffusion and complete the following:

Predict how molecular mass and temperature may affect theoutcome of this experiment.

Record the data from information in the Lab in the tablebelow.

Time (min)	Diameter (mm)
Time (min)	5Â°C MB	5Â°C PP	23Â°CMB	23Â°C PP
0
15
30
45

Construct a line graph of the data from the table above. Yourgraph should include labeled axes, units, and a legend indicatingwhich treatment is presented. Sign, date and prepare an image ofyour graph and include it with this lab report.

Osmosis

Go to Lab, Section II, Exercise 2 to view a demonstration ofosmosis and answer the following questions:

Describe the net movement of water in osmometer 1.

How is the movement of water molecules related to theconcentration gradient of the solution?

Go to Lab, Section II, Exercise 3 to observe the effect ofsolute concentration on the rate of osmosis. Answer the followingquestions:

Was the net movement of water in bags 1 to 4 into or out of thebags?

Explain the results from bags 4 and 5.

Selective Permeability of Membranes

Go to Lab, Section III, Exercise 4 to learn about theimportance of selectively permeable membranes, then complete thetable and answer the following questions:

	Contents of Beaker
	0 Min	30 Min
Starch
Chloride ion

Which substances diffused through the dialysis membrane?

How does dialysis tubing model the selective permeability of aplasma membrane?

Tonicity

Go to Lab, Section IV, Exercise 5 and 6 to observe plasmolysisin Elodea cells and tonicity in red blood cells. Summarizethe concept of tonicity using blood and Elodea cells asexamples. Your description should incorporate these terms: turgid,plasmolysis, hemolysis, and crenation.

Cells	Isotonic Solution	Hypertonic Solution	Hypotonic Solution
Elodea
RBC

Based on your previous work, reproduce the table below and drawan illustration of a single cell in each box. Include arrows toshow the direction of water flow relative to each cell and dots tosymbolize solutes. Sign, date and prepare an image of your drawingand include it with this lab report.

Cells	Isotonic Solution	Hypertonic Solution	Hypotonic Solution
Elodea
RBC

Summary Questions

Compare diffusion and osmosis. Give an example of each.

2. In which direction will osmosisoccur if a 15% sugar solution is separated from a 25% sugarsolution by a selectively permeable membrane?

3. Why did osmosis, but not diffusionof sucrose molecules, occur across the dialysis membrane containing20% sucrose solution?

4. You are having a party and thecelery is limp. What might you do to make the celery crisp (turgid)again? What will occur in the cells?

5. A small amount of fertilizer(mineral salts) will stimulate plant growth, but over fertilizationcan kill plants? Why?

6. Michael adds sugar to his coffee.Explain what in this drink is the solvent, solute, and solution.

7. You add a cube of sugar to yourdrink. How could you speed up the diffusion of sugar moleculeswithout stirring?

8. How is dynamic equilibriumestablished within a solution?

amberdeer449

Dialysis bags or model âcellsâ (A, B, C and D) are placed in beakers containing a 20% sucrose solution. Each model âcellâ contains an unknown concentration of sucrose solution. Every 15 minutes, the model âcellsâ are weighed and the data entered in the table below. Table: Mass of Model âCellsâ Containing Different Concentrations of Sucrose Time (minutes) is 0,15,30,45. âCellâ containing solution A is 11.4, 11.3, 11.2,11.3(mass grams) âCellâ containing solution B is 12.5, 13, 13.5, 14(mass grams) âCellâ containing solution C is 10.8,9.6, 8.2, 7.2(mass grams) âCellâ containing solution D is 10.8, 10.2, 9.5, 9.2(mass grams) what is the Movement of Water, % Sucrose in âCellâ & Tonicity in âCellâ of each cell (A-D)

a) Use the data in the table to determine the movement of water. Choose from âInto the cellâ, âOut of the cellâ or âNo net movement of waterâ Write your answer in the row of the table labeled âMovement of Waterâ.

b) Based on the movement of water, you can determine what the concentration each solution must have been at the beginning of the experiment for each model âcellâ A-D. Choose from 40%, 20%, 15% or 10%. Write your answer in the row of the table labeled â% Sucrose in Cellâ.

c) Determine whether each sucrose solution in the âcellâ is âhypertonicâ, âisotonicâ or âhypotonicâ relative to the solution outside the âcellâ. Write your answer in the row of the table labeled âTonicity in Cellâ. Answer the questions below about Part II of this exercise:

1) A. Explain why was there little or no weight change for the model âcellâ containing solution A?

B. This system is said to be at equilibrium. Explain what equilibrium means in terms of the movement of water across the plasma membrane of a cell?

2) The model âcellâ containing solution B gained weight. Therefore, the water moved _________ the âcellâ. Explain why the water moved as it did in this model system.

3) Model âcellsâ C and D both lost weight. Therefore, the water moved _________ the âcellâ. Explain why the water moved as it did in these systems.

4) A. âCellâ C lost more weight than âcellâ D over the same amount of time (60 min). Therefore, âcellâ C lost water at a slower or faster rate than âcellâ D. (circle one)

B. Explain the cause of the difference in the rate of water loss for âcellâ C and D.

5) Do you see a pattern of how water flows into or out of the cell based on the concentration of solute?

Water always moves from a ______________tonic solution to a ____________tonic solution.

6) In the experiment your group will design, you will be using a piece of potato composed of many living cells. Based upon what you have learned about osmosis and tonicity, predict whether a potato core would gain weight, lose weight or stay about the same weight if you placed it in each of the following solutions: Hypertonic â Isotonic - Hypotonic â

________30. If you are investigating the inner structure of a new cell and see that it has a significantly larger amount of RER than other cells. You would conclude the cell does a great deal of____?
A. ATP synthesis

B. protein synthesis
C. DNA synthesis
D. active transport
E. polysaccharide hydrolysis

________31. If a cell comes in contact with a toxic substance such as H2O2, it could survive as long as it has a ___ to digest it.
A. DNA
B. peroxisome

C. mitochondria
D. phospholipids
E. intermediate filaments

________32. Some cells have structures to help them withstand osmotic pressure. For example,
A. Plant cells due to their walls
B. Animal cells due to the sodium/potassium pumps

C. Bacterial cell due to their swimming

D. Viruses due to their protein coats

________33. Evolution occurs only as a cell ____.

A. They undergo mitosis
B. Change in their gene pool
C. They move from one habitat to another

D. They begin to eat different foods

________34. Ribosomes are produced in the

A. nucleoli.
B. chromatin.
C. nuclear envelopes.

D. Golgi complex. E. cisternae.

________35. Algae are often green, but there are red and brown species also. What accounts for this difference in color?
A. The chlorophyll of chloroplasts
B. The pigments in other plastids

C. The presence of a mitochondria
D. The accumulation of cellular wastes

________36. The chloroplast and other like prokaryotes have which of the following that helps with photosynthesis?
A. They live in water based environments
B. They have chloroplasts in their cytoplasm

C. Change color in the dark vs. the sun
D. They have photoreceptor proteins in their membranes or mesosomes.

________37. Located in the membrane, we see a set of proteins called receptors that only connect with or bind to specific substances. This is called __.
A. ligand specificity.
B. hormone selectivity.

C. cell tonicity.
D. water saturation. E. signal resolution.

________38. Of the following statements, we could say that ___ is false.
A. All organisms are composed of cells and cell products.
B. An organism's structure and all of its functions are due to the activities of cells.
C. The cellular organelles are the simplest structural and functional unit of life.
D. Cells come from preexisting cells.
E. Cells are made from nonliving components including the nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm.

________39. If it is really true that our cells are the smallest anatomical unit that meets all of the properties of life, then which of the following could imply otherwise?
A. vacuoles
B. centrioles

C. Golgi apparatus
D. mitochondria
E. endoplasmic reticulum

________40. Oxygen is an absolute need for animal and plant cells alike due to the ___.

A. RER
B. Mitochondria
C. Lysosomes

D. DNA

________41. In a plasma membrane, we expect to see the carb/protein structures to extend into the ___, but the secondary messengers to move within the __.
A. extracellular fluid; cytosol
B. cytosol; extracellular fluid

C. intracellular fluid; cytosol

D. cytosol; intracellular fluid

E. extracellular fluid; plasma

________42. Bacteria are found in all of the following habitats:

A. Caves
B. Oceans
C. Animals

D. Everywhere on Earth

________43. Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Solution A has a higher concentration of an impermeable solute compared to solution B. Which of the following do you expect would happen?
A. solute will move from solution A to solution B

B. solute will move from solution B to solution A

C. water will more from solution A to solution B

D. water will move from solution B to solution A E. no movement of solute or water will occur

________44. In the kidney, we notice that almost all of the cells involved in the production of urine have high concentrations of the Na+/K+ pump. Which typically works to push Na+ ___ its concentration gradient by using ___.
A. up; active transport

B. up; facilitated transport
C. up; cotransport
D. down; active transport
E. down; facilitated transport

________45. In the charts of a patient recently admitted to the hospital noted that he was taking a medication called lithium and high doses of calcium supplements. Given this, we would expect the patientâs liver to have a higher than normal amount of __ to purify out the lithium and calcium.

A. lysosomes.
B. centrosomes.
C. mitochondria.
D. peroxisomes.
E. rough endoplasmic reticulum.

________46. We have long observed that our neural cells in the brain cannot replicate or replace themselves due to the lack of ____.
A. produce ATP.
B. divide.

C. produce enzymes.
D. secrete material across their plasma membrane E. conduct electrical signals.

________47. An organismâs structure and function is ultimately due to the structure and function of itâs __.
A. Organs
B. Tissues

C. Cells

D. Nuclei

MICRO 20 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Fluid Compartments, Osmotic Concentration, Sodium Chloride

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