BIOL 1521 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Zygote, Year, Protist
Document Summary
Prokaryote diversity: morphology, metabolism, habitats, roles in medicine and bioremediation. Techniques used to identify and quantify: koch"s postulates -> germ theory of disease, enrichment cultures, dna sequencing: 16s rrna. Endosymbiosis theory: eukaryotic cell engulfs bacterium, bacterium survives. Origin of the nuclear envelope: ancestor of eukaryotes. Include red and brown algae: reproduce asexually and sexually. Alternation of generation: haploid stage alternates with diploid stage. Evolutionary advantages: loss of cell wall: increased size and surface area, endocytosis possible (predation, first steps to nuclear membrane, motility possible with cytoskeleton and actin filaments but origin unclear, digestion organized. Kingdom protista: autotrophs, brown algae, red algae, diatoms, dinoflagellates, euglenoids, heterotrophs, amoeboids, ciliates, zooflagellates, sporozoans, plasmoidal slime molds, cellular slime molds, water molds. Fungal nutrition: heterotrophs with absorptive nutrition, secrete digestive enzymes and then absorb breakdown products. Include saprobes, parasites, predators, and symbionts: sugars are preferred source of carbon, fungi can digest cellulose and lignin. Fungal ecosystem services: digest cellulose and lignin, detritivores and decomposers.
