AS.020.151 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Dna, Prokaryote, Gene
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
AS.020.151
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Chapter 1
Timeline of Life
Prokaryotes*(3.8*by*ago)- nucleic*acids,*synthesis*of*proteins,*membrane*
enclosed*proteins*and*molecules,*reproduce,*ocean
•
Photosynthesizers- led*to*more*oxygen*and*ozone*layer
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Eukaryotes- nucleus*first*formed,*organelles*other*than*chloroplast*formed,*
single-celled
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Multicellular*organisms- eukaryotic*cells*didn’t*separate,*groups*of*cells*
started*working*together
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Organisms*on*land*(800*my*ago)- UV*radiation*too*intense*before*ozone*
layer*formed*from*more*photosynthetic*organisms
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Land*plants
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Land*animals- plants*as*food
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Dinosaurs*
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Mammals
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Extinction*of*dinosaurs*(65*my*ago)
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Scientific Method
Observations
1.
Questions
2.
Hypothesis
3.
Predictions
4.
Testing
5.
Chapter 15
Evolutionary Theory
Charles*Darwin
First*to*back*theory*of*evolution*with*scientific*observation
○
Species*change*over*time,*divergent*species*share*common*ancestor,*
mechanism*that*produces*change*is*natural*selection
○
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Alfred*Russel*Wallace
Helped*develop*theory*of*natural*selection,*similar*to*Darwin's*theory,*
developed*around*the*same*time
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Both*knew*principal*cause*of*natural*selection*is*the*environment
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Powerpoint*Notes
Tuesday, September 26, 2017
4:23 PM
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Document Summary
Prokaryotes (3. 8 by ago)- nucleic acids, synthesis of proteins, membrane enclosed proteins and molecules, reproduce, ocean. Photosynthesizers- led to more oxygen and ozone layer. Eukaryotes- nucleus first formed, organelles other than chloroplast formed, single-celled. Multicellular organisms- eukaryotic cells didn"t separate, groups of cells started working together. Organisms on land (800 my ago)- uv radiation too intense before ozone layer formed from more photosynthetic organisms. First to back theory of evolution with scientific observation. Species change over time, divergent species share common ancestor, mechanism that produces change is natural selection. Helped develop theory of natural selection, similar to darwin"s theory, developed around the same time. Both knew principal cause of natural selection is the environment. Adaptation refers to both the processes of evolution and the characteristics themselves. Gene pool- sum of all copies of alleles at all loci in a population. Migration of individuals between populations results in gene flow, which can change allele frequencies.
