HTH 100 Study Guide - Final Guide: Bupropion, Acetaldehyde, Miscarriage
Body Image & Eating Disorders
Body image -- how you see yourself in your mind, what you believe about your
appearance, and how you feel about your body
Woman + Body Image
● Females encouraged to define themselves in terms of their bodies
● Females portrayed as objects of desire
● Since 50s, ideal body is much thinner
● Belief in thin ideal and body dissatisfaction can lead to eating disorders
Effects of Puberty:
● Eating disorders most likely develop during adolescence
Men + Body Image:
● Less affected by cultural expectations and media
● Expected to be muscular
Body Dysmorphic Disorder -- psychological disorder characterized by obsession
w/one’s appearance and a distorted view of one’s body or with a minor or imagined than
in appearance
● More likely to develop depression, OCD, eating disorders
● Muscle Dysmorphia -- subset of this condition
● Exercise excess, body art, cosmetic surgery
Breast augmentation has been #1 cosmetic procedure since 2006, 12 years
● Silicone or saline
Compulsive Exercise Disorder -- compulsion to engage in excessive amounts of
exercise and feelings of guilt and anxiety if the level of exercise is perceived as
inadequate
○ Anorexia athletics
■ Used to gain a sense of control
■ Dance
Female Athlete Triad: Disordered eating patterns, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis
Eating Disorders -- psychological disorder characterized by severe disturbances in body
image and eating behaviors
● Anorexia and bulimia
Borderline Disordered Eating:
● More common and widespread than eating disorders
● Binging and purging, laxative abuse
Disordered Eating and Factors:
● Multifactorial
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● Social pressures; importance of thinness, Family history, Gender, Media
● Low self-esteem; need for power and control
Anorexia Nervosa: Food restriction, self-starvation, or extreme exercise to achieve
weight loss and distorted body image
● Most serious
● Risks:
○ Cold intolerance, low bp, Amenorrhea, CVD
○ Highest death rate of any psychiatric disorder
Bulimia Nervosa: -- Binge-eating followed by purging measures or compensatory
behavior, such as vomiting or excessive exercise, to prevent weight gain
● Distorted body image
● Purging -- self-induced vomiting, laxatives, etc.
● Risks:
○ Inflammation of esophagus
○ Wear of enamel of teeth
Binge-Eating Disorder -- gorging on food 1+ times a week, but not purging
● Related to obesity
● Risks:
○ Cardiorespiratory disease
○ Sleep apnea
Treating Eating Disorders:
● Most negative health concerns are reversible
○ Not osteoporosis
● Early intervention, lower incidence of behaviors, support from family, lack of
diagnosis of psychological problems
● First Step: recognize problem
● Next Step: behavioral modifications (counseling)
Alcohol
● Psychoactive drug: alters brain chemistry
● Moderate Drinking = 2 drinks/day for men; 1 for women
● Low-risk drinkers = <= 14 drinks/wk for men; 4/day
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○ Or <= 7/wk for women; 3/day
○ More than these amounts = at-risk drinkers
● Binge drinking = brings BAC to .08 or higher
○ Males = 5+ drinks in 2 hours; females = 4+ drinks in 2 hours
Native Americans and Alaska Natives:
● Native Americans have 2x alcoholism rate and 8x death rate
Nature of Alcohol:
● Psychoactive ingredient = ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
○ Beer (brewed grains): 3-6% alcohol
○ Alc + malt liquor: 6-8% alcohol
○ Wine (fermented grape): 12% alcohol
○ Hard liquor (distilling brewed/fermented grains): 35-50% alcohol
● Proof value: 2x the % concentration (50% alcohol = 100 proof)
● Standard Drink -- 0.6 oz. alcohol
Alcohol Absorption:
● 20% absorbed in stomach
● 80% absorbed in small intestine
● Higher absorption if: smaller body size, higher age, drug interaction, etc.
Alcohol is CNS Depressant = lower respiration, hr, bp
BAC of 0.03%-0.05% = first effects felt with light headaches
Metabolism -- chemical transformation into energy and wastes
● 2 enzymes in liver:
○ Alcohol dehydrogenase
■ Converts alcohol into toxic acetaldehyde
○ Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
■ Breaks acetaldehyde into acetate
Genetic variation causes flashing syndrome - Increased hr, respiration, nausea, hives
Alcohol is absorbed faster than it is metabolized
Metabolism rate - 0.5oz/hour, or 1 standard drink
● Same awake or asleep
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) -- ratio of alcohol to total blood volume
Liver Disease:
● Fatty liver -- liver swells with fat globules
● Alcoholic hepatitis -- inflammation of the liver
● Cirrhosis -- scarring of the liver
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Body image -- how you see yourself in your mind, what you believe about your appearance, and how you feel about your body. Females encouraged to define themselves in terms of their bodies. Since 50s, ideal body is much thinner. Belief in thin ideal and body dissatisfaction can lead to eating disorders. Eating disorders most likely develop during adolescence. Less affected by cultural expectations and media. Body dysmorphic disorder -- psychological disorder characterized by obsession w/one"s appearance and a distorted view of one"s body or with a minor or imagined than in appearance. More likely to develop depression, ocd, eating disorders. Muscle dysmorphia -- subset of this condition. Breast augmentation has been #1 cosmetic procedure since 2006, 12 years. Compulsive exercise disorder -- compulsion to engage in excessive amounts of exercise and feelings of guilt and anxiety if the level of exercise is perceived as inadequate. Used to gain a sense of control.
