PSYC 40111 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Major Depressive Disorder, Sigmund Freud, Classical Conditioning
12 Oct 2018
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PSYC 40111
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Abnormal Psychology- the field devoted to the scientific study of abnormal behavior to
describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning
Psychopathology-aother ter for aoral psholog
Abnormality is?
• Interference with daily life
• Differees fro the aselie of soeoe’s lifestle
• Social changes
• Cognitive/biological changes
• It’s hard to agree o a defiitio that applies to all disorders
The Four D’s
Deviance
• Behaviors, thoughts and emotional patterns that are unexpected for a person in a
particular circumstance
• Rare behaviors
• Differees fro soiet’s idea of oral
• If it’s reall rare, it’s aoral
• Some problematic/harmful behaviors are not rare
Distress
• A person becomes distressed because of their symptoms
• Not all symptoms of mental illness will cause distress. Ex: personality disorders can
cause people to be euphoric
• A lack of suffering can indicate an abnormality
Dysfunction
• A perso a’t futio orall eause of their disorder
• “oe etal health disorders a e ieed as futioal. e: PT“D after a ad ar
accident, avoiding cars may make sense
Dangerous
• A person poses as a threat/harm to themselves and others
• Could be mental (careless), or physical (violence)
Treatment- a procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more adaptive behavior
• Therap ad ediatio are ot the ol thigs that a iproe oe’s etal health
• The three components of treatment are: a sufferer (patient/client), a healer (mental
health professional), and a series of contacts (ongoing appointments after initial visit
with mental health professional)
• Success of treatment means dissipation or control of symptoms
Abnormality in the past
• In the past, abnormality was seen as someone being possessed or as supernatural
• Trephination-a hole cut in the skull to let out evil spirits to be released
• Exorcism was seen and used as a treatment in the past as well, they were very violent
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Greek and Roman views and treatments
• 500BC-500AD
• Hippocrates believed that humors caused mental health disorders
• Black bile was seen as something that caused depression. The best way to cure
depression was to eat veggies, stop drinking alcohol, refraining from sex, and living a
healthy lifestyle
Europe in the Middle Ages
• 500AD-1350AD
• The church rejected scientific research and believed that mental health disorders had
something to do with evil
• Demonology began to lose favor towards the end of the middle ages
The Renaissance and the rise of asylums
• 1400AD-1700AD
• Johann Weyer believed that our mind could get sick in the same way our bodies could
• Asylums- the first hospitals dedicated to helping people with mental health disorders
• Asylums became virtual prisons- the conditions were awful and the treatment of
patients was inhumane
• Some asylums gave tours to the public while there were still patients in them
The 19th Century: Reform and moral treatment
• Pinel from France and Tuke from England advocated moral treatment
• Tuke opened a house in England where people would come to live to be treated while
living a normal life rather than in an asylum
• It did’t take a lot i the past for soeoe to e put i a aslu
• The oeet for oral treatet did’t last log eause there as a lak of
resources for treatment
• Overcrowding was also a problem
• There was an assumption that patients could be cured by being treated with dignity,
which caused people to be deinstitutionalized
• There was a prejudice that led to a reversal of moral treatment
Early 20th century: Dual perspectives
• Somatogenic perspective- abnormal functioning has physical causes
• Psychogenic perspective- abnormal functioning has psychological causes
• Somatogenic perspective lead to weird/awful experimental treatments
• 1907-1945: 45k Americans were sterilized because the did’t at the to reprodue
because they were mentally ill
Current trends
• Stigma is decreasing around mental health disorders but it still exists
• 43% of people think that people with mental health disorders are responsible for it
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Abnormal psychology- the field devoted to the scientific study of abnormal behavior to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning. Interference with daily life: differe(cid:374)(cid:272)es fro(cid:373) the (cid:271)aseli(cid:374)e of so(cid:373)eo(cid:374)e"s lifest(cid:455)le, social changes, cognitive/biological changes. It"s hard to agree o(cid:374) a defi(cid:374)itio(cid:374) that applies to all disorders. Deviance: behaviors, thoughts and emotional patterns that are unexpected for a person in a particular circumstance, rare behaviors, differe(cid:374)(cid:272)es fro(cid:373) so(cid:272)iet(cid:455)"s idea of (cid:862)(cid:374)or(cid:373)al(cid:863, some problematic/harmful behaviors are not rare. Distress: a person becomes distressed because of their symptoms, not all symptoms of mental illness will cause distress. Ex: personality disorders can cause people to be euphoric: a lack of suffering can indicate an abnormality. Dysfunction: a perso(cid:374) (cid:272)a(cid:374)"t fu(cid:374)(cid:272)tio(cid:374) (cid:374)or(cid:373)all(cid:455) (cid:271)e(cid:272)ause of their disorder, o(cid:373)e (cid:373)e(cid:374)tal health disorders (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:271)e (cid:448)ie(cid:449)ed as (cid:862)fu(cid:374)(cid:272)tio(cid:374)al. (cid:863) e(cid:454): pt d after a (cid:271)ad (cid:272)ar accident, avoiding cars may make sense.
