BIOL 240 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Vocal Folds, Bronchiole, Gas Exchange
The$Respiratory$System
To#supply#oxygen#to#all#the#parts#of#your#body#into#the#bloodstream#and#expel#
carbon#dioxide
ā
Closely#related#with#the#circulatory#system
ā
Thin#walled#selectively#permeable#structures#for#diffusion
ā
Transports,#filters,#humidifies#and#warms#air
ā
Nose
Provides#airway,#moistens#and#warms#air
ā
Lining#of#the#nasal#cavity#has#two#types#of#mucous#membrane
ā
Respiratory#Mucosa
Scattered#goblet#cells
ā
Nasal#Conchae
Increases#the#turbulence#of#air
ā
Paranasal#Sinuses
Frontal,#sphenoid,#ethmoid#and#maxillary#bones
ā
The#Larynx#(voice#box)
Produces#vocalizations,#provides#airway,#closed#during#swallowing#and#open#
during#breathing
ā
9#cartilages#connected#by#membranes#and#ligaments
ā
Behind#thyroid#and#above#cricoid#are#three#small#cartilages
ā
Sound#is#produced#by#the#vibration#of#vocal#cords#are#air#is#exhaled
ā
Trachea#(the#windpipe)
Divides#thorax#into#two#main#bronchi
ā
Joined#by#fibroelastic#connective#tissue
ā
Lined#by#epithelium#that#propels#mucus#and#debris#away#from#the#lungs
ā
Bronchial#Tree
Smooth#muscles#surrounding#bronchioles#to#constrict#and#dilate
ā
Respiratory#Zone
Gas#exchange#occurs
ā
Composed#of#bronchioles,#alveolar#ducts#and#sacs
ā
Alveili#are#air#exchange#chambers
ā
Two#types#of#alveolus
ā
Surfactant#is#a#detergent#like#substance#which#is#secreted#over#alveolar#surfaces#
and#decreases#tension
ā
Lungs#and#Pleura
Lungs#cling#to#the#thoracic#wall#and#are#forced#to#expand#and#recoil#during#
breathing
ā
Ventilation
Breathing#is#through#pulmonary#ventilation
ā
Gases#always#flow#from#higher#to#lower#pressure
ā
Stomach#4#hours
ā
Small#intestine#3-6#hours
ā
Large#intestine#12-24#hours
ā
Exam%Five
Monday,#April#23,#2018
1:13#PM
