PSYC 230 Study Guide - Final Guide: Umbilical Cord, Depth Perception, Neural Plate
Timeline:
Pre Birth
0: conception
2-4 months: zygote, fertilization, cell division, cell layers, implantation, neural plate
6-30 months: embryo, becomes connected via umbilical cord, body structures + internal
organs develop
8 months: looks human
10 months: neurons develop
24 months: viable- can be born + live
30 months - birth: fetus, essential systems developed, fetal behavior ex: kicking,
memory + learning occur, sleep/wake cycle
Teratogens
- damage done depends on stage
- damage is selective
- damage done depends on dose
- may not be immediately apparent
- article/ TED talk about how babies born after the starving winter were obese because
they had prepared for a life of scarcity
1st year
birth- 3 months: chin and chest up, reach and miss, cooing, rapid vision development,
critical development period, breast is best, rapid growth, rooting, blinking, palmer
reflex, habituation, orienting, waking activity/alert inactivity, smiles
3-6 months: sit with support and lap, sit on high chair, rolling, breast is best, stabilized
crying curve, rapid growth
6-9 months: sit alone, stand with help, stand holding furniture, depth perception visual
cliff, babbling, decline of universal phonetic sensitivity, develop object
permanence, solid food is introduced
9-11 months: creep, walk when led, pull to stand, depth perception visual cliff, stress
and intonation in native language, association of words -> may be accidental
2nd year
12-18 months: symbolic meaning of words, slow pace of 1st words, pull to stand by
furniture, climb stair steps, stand alone, walk alone, didn’t crawl over visual cliff
18-24 months: understand grammar even if not yet combining words, naming explosion:
social cues, transfer, comprehend sentences cues + context, individual + cultural
differences, sensorimotor stage begins: thinking is acting, schemes, grasping,
tasting
3rd year
24-30 months: beginning preoperational stage: mental representation --> shortcomings:
egocentrism, not yet logical thinkers, nuances of grammar beginning to be
learned, poor recognition of ambiguity (can I have the blue toy? out of a pile of
blue toys), THEORY OF MIND --> people are driven by unseen mental
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