BIOL 1201 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Light-Independent Reactions, Thylakoid, Chloroplast

Question 1 The membrane structures inside the chloroplast are called the ______, while the fluid surrounding the stacks of membrane is called the ______.
a. stroma; thylakoid
b. thylakoid; cytosol
c. thylakoid; stroma
d. thylakoid; matrix
e. matrix; thylakoid

Question 2 What is considered the ultimate source of energy for living things on Earth?
a. the sun
b. electrons
c. green plants
d. oxygen
e. ATP

Question 3 Why do most plant leaves appear green?
a. They contain a lot of starch which has a green color.
b. They have chloroplasts which absorb green light for photosynthesis.
c. During the light reaction phase carbon dioxide is converted to oxygen which emits green light.
d. They have chloroplasts which absorb all colors of light except for green, which is reflected.
e. During the dark reaction phase water is converted to oxygen which emits green light.

Question 4 Plants perform only photosynthesis, not respiration. True False

Question 5 What is the primary purpose of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
a. to create oxygen gas
b. to produce glucose
c. to convert solar energy to chemical energy (in the form of ATP and NADPH) to power the dark reactions
d. to remove carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere
e. to create water

Question 6 The light dependent reactions occur in the:
a. mitochondrial membrane.
b. mitochondrial matrix.
c. stroma.
d. thylakoid membrane.
e. cytosol.

Question 7 The energy to run the dark reactions of photosynthesis is produced _________.
a. by the CO2 initially used in the dark reactions.
b. during glycolysis
c. during the light reaction phase
d. during the Krebs cycle
e. during anaerobic respiration

Question 8 Which of the following substances could be totally eliminated and not interfere with the process of photosynthesis?
a. O2
b. H2O
c. light
d. CO2

Question 9 What product(s) do plants produce during photosynthesis that is/are used by humans and other animals?
a. carbon dioxide
b. carbon dioxide and water
c. glucose and oxygen
d. glucose
e. oxygen

Question 10 Only plants can carry out photosynthesis. True False

Question 11 During the light reactions of photosynthesis, ...
a. oxygen is produced from H2O.
b. glycolysis occurs.
c. the Krebs cycle occurs.
d. CO2 is combined into glucose.
e. ATP is broken down to ADP + P

Question 12 The reactants of photosynthesis are:
a. sugar.
b. sugar and water.
c. O2 and CO2
d. O2 and sugar.
e. CO2 and water.

Question 13 During the dark reaction phase of photosynthesis in plants...
a. ATP is created.
b. H+ ions are moved into the stroma from the matrix.
c. molecules of CO2 are combined into sugar.
d. H2O is split into oxygen and H+.
e. solar energy is converted to chemical energy.

While Jill and Andre were studying for their Biology exam, Andre said, “Animals perform cellular respiration and plants perform photosynthesis.” What about Andre’s statement should Jill have told him was incomplete?

Animals also perform photosynthesis.

Plants do not perform photosynthesis.

Animals do not perform cellular respiration.

Plants also perform cellular respiration.

There is nothing incomplete about Andre’s statement.

Question 3

Select one answer.

10 points

Select the incorrect statement regarding respiration and fermentation from the list below.

Respiration produces much more ATP than fermentation

Respiration produces acidic products, fermentation does not.

Both respiration and fermentation use organic molecules.

Respiration uses oxygen, fermentation does not.

Question 4

Select one answer.

10 points

Energy is harvested from which reaction to produce ATP?

Carbon dioxide and water → sugar and oxygen.

Sugar and oxygen → carbon dioxide and water.

Question 5

Select one answer.

10 points

What is the source of energy for photosynthesis?

O2

Light

CO2

Water

Sugar

Question 6

Select one answer.

10 points

One way to explain how cellular respiration and photosynthesis relate to each other is to say that:

Plant cells use the oxygen produced by respiration for photosynthesis.

The oxygen produced by photosynthesis, once released to the environment, is the oxygen able to be used as the electron acceptors for cellular respiration.

Cellular respiration is a series of reduction reactions while photosynthesis is a series of oxidation reactions.

The two processes are not related.

The use of oxygen by plants contributes to the greenhouse effect.

Question 7

Select one answer.

10 points

The calculated net amount of ATP produced from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration in eukaryotes is

100

2

40

36

6

Question 8

Select one answer.

10 points

All of the following statements is true of photosynthesis, EXCEPT:

Releases CO2

Releases oxygen

Glucose is produced.

Water is required

Question 9

Select one answer.

10 points

Which of the following is an anabolic pathway?

photosynthesis

cellular respiration

fermentation

all of these processes

Question 10

Select one answer.

10 points

Plant leaves contain many different pigments. What is the purpose of having multiple pigments?

Capture light for photosynthesis at different wavelengths.

To absorb light that may harm the photosynthetic machinery.

To give leaves different colors in the fall.

1. Plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis?

a. H2O

b. CO2

c. O2

d. both O2 and CO2

e. both H2O and CO2

2. Organisms that derive their chemical energy either from the process of chemosynthesis or photosynthesis are classified as

a. autotrophs.

b. parasites.

c. heterotrophs.

d. saprophytes.

e. mutualists.

3. The carbon source for organisms that derive their energy from photosynthesis is

a. carbon monoxide.

b. carbon dioxide.

c. hydrocarbons.

d. methane.

e. glucose.

4. The oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from

a. carbon dioxide.

b. glucose.

c. ribulose bisphosphate.

d. water.

5. When chlorophyll a molecules absorb energy, the molecules

a. release electrons.

b. release X-rays.

c. release energy.

d. release electrons and X-rays.

e. release electrons and energy.

6. The flow of what particle across the thylakoid membrane powers the production of ATP?

a. electrons

b. hydrogen ions

c. oxygen

d. carbon dioxide

e. phosphate ions 2

7. The light-independent reactions were discovered by

a. M. D. Hatch.

b. Andrew Benson.

c. Melvin Calvin.

d. Robert Hill.

e. both Andrew Benson and Melvin Calvin.

8. For each six atoms of carbon dioxide fixed in the light-independent reactions, how many molecules of PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde) are produced?

a. 2

b. 3

c. 6

d. 12

e. 15

Chapter 7

9. The ultimate source of energy for living things is

a. the Krebs cycle.

b. fossil fuels.

c. the sun.

d. glycolysis.

e. aerobic respiration.

10. When molecules are broken apart in respiration

a. the heat produced is used to drive biological reactions.

b. the oxygen in the compounds that are broken apart is used as an energy source.

c. the energy released in respiration is channeled into molecules of ATP.

d. ATP is converted into ADP.

e. ADP is released as a waste product.

11. ATP

a. can be produced by photosynthesis.

b. is produced in the degradation of organic compounds such as glucose.

c. is generated in anaerobic respiration.

d. is released in aerobic respiration.

e. all of these

12. Which part of the energy-releasing pathway can convert all carbon that enters to carbon dioxide?

a. fermentation

b. glycolysis

c. Krebs cycle

d. electron transport

e. phosphorylation

13. Which liberates the most energy in the form of ATP?

a. aerobic respiration

b. anaerobic respiration

c. alcoholic fermentation

d. lactate fermentation

e. All liberate the same amount, but through different means.

14. Aerobes use ________ as the final electron acceptor in electron transport phosphorylation.

a. hydrogen

b. carbon

c. oxygen

d. H2O 3

15. Glycolysis depends on a continuous supply of

a. NADP.

b. pyruvate.

c. NAD+.

d. NADH.

e. H2O.

16. Glycolysis

a. occurs in the mitochondria.

b. results in the production of pyruvate.

c. occurs in the cytoplasm.

d. occurs in the mitochondria and results in the production of pyruvate.

e. results in the production of pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm.

17. The end product(s) of glycolysis is(are)

a. acetyl CoA.

b. carbon dioxide.

c. pyruvate.

d. glucose.

e. glucose and carbon dioxide.

18. Which is capable of being reduced during both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?

a. NAD+

b. FAD+

c. ADP

d. NADH

e. NADP+

19. The Krebs cycle takes place in the

a. ribosomes.

b. cytoplasm.

c. nucleus.

d. mitochondria.

e. chloroplasts.

20. The breakdown of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle results in the release of

a. energy.

b. carbon dioxide.

c. oxygen.

d. energy and oxygen.

e. energy and carbon dioxide.