PSYC 2076 : Final Terms
Document Summary
Erikson: trust v. s mistrust, infancy (1st year, gaining trust in caregivers and discover their behavior is their own, autonomy v. shame and doubt, infancy (1-3 years, they start to assert independence. If infants are restrained too much or punished, they develop a sense of shame and doubt: initiative v. guilt, early childhood (3-5 years, children assume responsibility for actions. Guilt may arise of child is irresponsible and too anxious: industry v. inferiority, middle/ late childhood (5 years- puberty, energy goes toward mastering knowledge and intellectual skills. If child feels unproductive, they can feel inferior: identity v. identity confusion, adolescence (10- 20 years, children explore who they are. Achievement becomes a central theme, self-control increases: adolescence: transition from childhood to adulthood, 10/12 years to. 18/22 years: rapid physical changes, puberty, thoughts become more abstract, idealistic, and logical. Nature/nurture debate: the debate about whether development is primarily influenced by biological inheritance (nature) or environmental experiences (nurture).
