CEM 141 Study Guide - Final Guide: Ionic Bonding, Electron Shell, Atomic Orbital

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harlequinsalmon729

21 Jul 2019

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Atomic number indicates the number of protons in an atom; is shown as a subcript to the left of a chemical symbol; implies electron number in a neutral atom. Valance shell the outer electron shell of an atom; number of electrons determine the chemical properties of an atom. Chemical bonds made or broken as a result of a chemical reaction. Cations have more protons than electrons; lost electrons in ionic interaction. Ionic interactions "bonds" these "bonds" are only forces of attraction that create compounds; occurs when electronegativities are very different; atom with high electronegativity "steals" electrons from atom with low electronegativity; results in ions; not a physical bond. Neutrons changing their number alters an atom"s mass; 1 unit of mass. Radioactive unstable atoms are considered ______; may undergo "decay" (breakdown of the nucleus) Anion result when electrons are gained in an ionic interaction.

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1. True or False. a. A positively charged ion is called an anion. b. If an atom gives up an electron, it creates negatively charged ion. c. Valence electrons are the electrons that are available for bonding and located in the shells closest to the nucleus. d. An ionic bond is the result of electron sharing. e. When atoms gain, lose, or share electrons they do so in order to have an electron configuration of a noble gas. f. As you go across the periodic table left to right, electronegativity will increase. g. The number of valence electrons an atom has is equal to the atomic number. h. Fluorine cannot be the central atom due to the fact that is can only accept 2 electrons. i. When a covalent bond occurs, the atoms overlap one another to create a new orbital. The more overlapping, the stronger the bond. j. A triple bond is considered to be a weak bond.

The first atoms of seaborgium (Sg) were identified in 1974. The longest-lived isotope of Sg has a mass number of 266. (a) How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in an ²⁶⁶Sg atom? (b) Atoms of Sg are very unstable, and it is therefore difficult to study this element’s properties. Based on the position of Sg in the periodic table, what element should it most closely resemble in its chemical properties?

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CEM 141 Study Guide - Final Guide: Ionic Bonding, Electron Shell, Atomic Orbital

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