KIN 345 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Moral Reasoning, Staling, Exercise Intensity
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Exam 2 Notes:
Character Development
Is Sport good for Character?
• Sport provides:
– Competition
–
– Teamwork opportunities
– Leadership
– Exposure to success and failure
• But athletes also…
– Dope
– Fight with each other
– Argue with officials
Defining Character and Good Sporting Behavior
• There is no one universally accepted definition of sportspersonship, or what is called
good sporting behavior in this text.
• Character and good sporting behavior fall within the general area of morality (why
people do good or bad things) in sport.
Moral Reasoning (Determining rightness or wrongness) – The Heinz Dilemma
“Heinz’s wife was dying from a particular type of cancer. Doctors said a new drug might save
her. The drug had been discovered by a local chemist, and the Heinz tried desperately to buy
some, but the chemist was charging ten times the money it cost to make the drug, and this was
much more than Heinz could afford. Heinz could only raise half the money, even after help from
family and friends. He explained to the chemist that his wife was dying and asked if he could
have the drug cheaper or pay the rest of the money later. The chemist refused, saying that he
had discovered the drug and was going to make money from it. The husband was desperate to
save his wife, so later that night he broke into the chemist’s and stole the drug.”
Three Components of Morality in Sport
• Fair play
• Character
• Good sporting behavior
Three Components of Morality in Sport
• Fair play requires that all participants understand and adhere not only to the formal
rules of the game but also to the spirit of competition and unwritten rules of play
necessary to ensure that a contest is fair.
• Character involves four interrelated virtues:
compassion, fairness, good sporting behavior, and integrity.
Three Components of Morality in Sport
• Good sporting behavior: Concern and respect for the rules and officials, social
conventions, and the opponent, as well as one’s full commitment to one’s sport and the
absences of a negative approach toward participation
Kids’ Take on Moral Issues in Sport
• Categories of moral issues identified by youth are fairness, negative game behavior, and
negative teammate behavior.
• They also show that issues of rightness and wrongness occur in practices, before and
after games, and at home, not just during the game.
Approaches to Developing Good Sporting Behavior
• Social Learning Approach
• Structural-Developmental Approach
Social Learning Approach
Good sporting behavior and attitudes are learned through:
1. Modeling: Learning by watching what others do and do not do
2. Reinforcement: Being reinforced or penalized for one’s actions
3. Social comparison: Exhibiting behaviors in an effort to fit in with one’s peer or
comparison group.
Structural-Developmental Approach
• Focused on how moral reasoning is dependent on psychological growth and
developmental changes (e.g., thoughts, behaviors) and how these interact with
environmental experiences.
Structural-Developmental Approach
– Moral reasoning: The decision process whereby the rightness or wrongness is
determined.
– Moral growth/development: The process of experience and growth (e.g.,
cognitive development) through which a person (e.g., a child) develops the
capacity to morally reason.
– Moral behavior: The execution of an act that is deemed right or wrong.
– How one decides whether some course of action is right or wrong
– What experiences and and cognitive developmental changes most likely to enhance the
children's abilities to determine the rightness and wrongness.
– Carrying out the act that is right or wrong
Structural-Developmental Approach