Chapter 6- Sensation and Perception
Match the term (a- d) with its definition (#1-4)
a. Sensation b. Perception c. Prosopagnosia d. Absolute Threshold
1. Cannot perceive human faces, but they can perceive objects
2. The stimulation of the sensory organs by physical energy from the external world
3. The minimum stimulation necessary to detect physical stimulation half of the time
4. Our interpretation of what we sense based on our experiences, expectations, and
surroundings
5. Experiencing sudden pain is to _______________, as recognizing that you are
suffering a heart is to __________________.
6. Sensation is the start of ___________________ processing as perception is the
start of ____________________ processing.
7. Absolute threshold needs to detect stimuli ______ of the time.
a. 10%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d. 40%
Physical World Psychological World
Light Brightness
Sound
Weight
Sugar
8. Fill in the table above based on psychophysics
9. Children like fries out of a McDonald’s bag more than a regular bag. This is an
example of:
a. Subliminal
b. Perceptual Set
c. Perception
d. Psychophysics
10. Perceptual set can influence what we:
a. Hear
b. Taste
c. Feel
d. See
e. All of the above
11. You open your eyes in the morning to see flowers beside your bedside. You then
receive light energy, which they change into neutral messages for the brain to
process. This is an example of _______________________.
Match the term (a- d) with its definition (#12-15)
a. Wave Length b. Parallel Processing c. Intensity d. Achromatopsia
12. The brain ability to multitasking; information about color, movement, form, and
depth is processed simultaneously by different brain regions
13. The distance between one wave peak to the next, and determines hue (color) 14. The amplitude of the light wave (its height), and determines brightness
15. Acondition where one lacks color vision
16. The color red has ________ wave lengths, while the color purple has ________
wave lengths
Match the area (1-5) with the step of how we see (#17-20)
17. Through the process called accommodation
18. The lens focuses the light on the retina
19. The light passes through the pupil- a small adjustable opening surrounded by the
iris- a colored muscle that gives you your eye their color and dilates or constricts
in response to light intensity
20. The light enters the eye through the cornea- a clear coating that protects the eye
Match the term (a- e) with its definition (#12-15)
a. Retina b. Rods c. Cones d. Optic Nerve e. Blind Spot
f. Fovea
21. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing receptor rods and cones in
addition to layers of other neurons that process visual info
22. Enable color vision and are concentrated in the fovea
23. Enable black-and-white vision and are concentrated in the fovea
24. The retina’s area of central focus
Match the area (1-3) with the step of how we hear (#25-27)
25. The resulting pressure changes in the cochlear fluid cause the basilar membrane to
ripple, bending the hair cells on the surface.
26. The outer ear funnels sound waves to the eardrum. 27. The bones of the middle ear amplify and relay the vibrations through the oval
window into the cochlea.
28. The strength of the wave (i.e. amplitude) determines what aspect of hearing?
a. Loudness
b. Pitch
c. Location
29. The wave’s frequency, and our experience of pitch determine what aspect of
hearing?
a. Loudness
b. Pitch
c. Location
Match the term (a- c) with its definition (#30-32)
a. Skin Sensations b. Kinesthetic c. Vestibular
30. Your sense of the position and movement of your body parts
31. Monitors position and movement of the head
32. Includes pressure, warmth, cold, and pain
In terms of pain, match the influence (a- c) with its definition (#33-35)
a. Biological b. Psychological c. Socio-Cultural
33. Our perception of pain varies with the social situation and cultural traditions (we
tend to perceive more pain when others also seem to be experiencing it)
34. Sensory receptors called nociceptors detect harmful temperatures, pressure, or
chemicals
35. Our mental state can influence the degree to which we experience pain
36. You have the ability to pick a hospital room for a loved one who’s in a lot of pain.
You should pick a room with…
a. Awindow looking out on trees
b. Awindow looking at a plain brick wall
c. No window
d. All of the above are the same
37. Taste buds contain ______________ receptor cells, which differ in terms of which
molecules they respond to (sweet-tasting, salty-tasting, etc.)
a. 70-95
b. 50-100
c. 100-200
d. 150-175
38. Fill in the following table:
The Survival Functions of Basic Tastes
Taste Indicates
Energy Source
Salty
Sour Potential Poisons
Umami
Match the area (1-3) with the step of how we smell (#39-41)
a. Step 1 b. Step 2 c. Step 3
39. The receptor cells send messages to the brain’s olfactory bulb, and then onward to
higher regions of the brain.
40. Airborne molecules reach receptors at the top of your nose.
41. Sniffing swirls air up to the receptors.
42. Information from taste buds travels to an area not far from where the brain
receives ___________________, which interacts with taste
Chapter 8- Memory
Match the term (a- e) with its definition (#1-5)
a. Storage b. Automatic Processing c. Retrieval
d. Effortful Processing e. Encoding
1. To get information back into consciousness
2. To get information into our brain
3. To encode information such as the sequence of the day’s events and the frequency
of events
4. To retain the information we out into our brain
5. Must consciously attend to and process it to form durable and accessible
memories
6. Strange as it is, you have run into your coworker four times today. Your ability to
unconsciously keep track of the number of times something happen to you is:
a. Spacing Effect
b. Explicit Memory
c. Automatic Processing
d. Effortful Processing 7. Ebbinghaus observed that it is much easier to learn meaningful material than
nonsense material. This is the advantage of:
a. The “Peg-Word” System
b. Spacing Effect
c. Deep Processing
d. Shallow Processing
8. How do we remember a phone number and even how they are written (organized
in units like 734 355 9729) is an example of:
a. Chunking
b. Spacing
c. Mnemonic Device
d. BothAand C
Match the term (a- c) with its definition (#9-11)
a. Mnemonic Device b. Chunking c. Imagery
9. A strategy for improving memory for some material
10. Mental pictures
11. Organizing items into familiar, manageable units
12. “Roy G. Biv”, “HOMES”, and “King Phillip cut open five green snakes” are all
examples of:
a. Chunking
b. Imagery
c. Spacing Effect
13. True or False: Along-term memory is limited and perfect.
14. James has to remember a phone number for a short time to dial it on a landline
phone. Which memory system is most important?
a. Working
b. Long-Term
c. Iconic
d. Echoic
15. Your brother often pretends to listen to what you’re saying, but when you ask him
what you said he could only mutter the last couple words. Which memory system
is he using?
a. Working
b. Long-Term
c. Iconic
d. Echoic
Match the memory (a- e) with its definition (#16-20)
a. Long Term Memory b. Echoic Memory c. Working Memory
d. Flashbulb Memory e. Iconic Memory
16. Sensory memory for auditory information, which lasts about 3 seconds
17. Responsible for permanent storage of information with a theoretically limitless
capacity
18. Sensory memory for visual information, which lasts about 200 ms 19. Extremely vivid recollections of surprising events, but even they can be
inaccurate
20. Responsible for holding information in an active, conscious state
21. When we are excited or stress, emotion-triggered stress hormones make more
____________ energy to the brain and the ___________ boosts activity in
memory-forming areas of the brain.
22. Fill in the chart below
23. The course of forgetting is initially ___________ and ___________ with time.
This could be because of decay of the physical memory trace.
24. You learn a friend’s email address at college (
[email protected]). Later, a
familiar old address interferes when you try to recall the new email address
(
[email protected]?????). This is an example of:
a. Retroactive Interference
b. Proactive Interference
25. You learn a password for using bank debit card (my99money), but then can no
longer recall the password for using yourATM card. This is an example of:
a. Retroactive Interference
b. Proactive Interference
26. What are some ways to improve your memory?
a. Study repeatedly; Make the material meaningful; Test your own
knowledge
b. Activate retrieval cues; Use mnemonic devices
c. Minimize interference; Sleep more
d. All of the above
Chapter 10- Intelligence
1. Intelligence can be defined as the mental quality that consists of
2. Adam is a smart young man, who scored very high on both the reading and math
parts of the SAT. He is an excellent map-reader and his reasoning abilities are
fantastic. Which type of knowledge is Adam using?
a. Analytical Intelligence
b. General Knowledge Factor
c. Factor Analysis
Match the theory (a- d) with its definition (#3-6)
a. Gardner’s Theory b. Multiple Intelligence Theory
c. Thurston’s Primary Mental Abilities d. Sternberg’s Triarchic
3. Our intelligence may be broken down into seven factors: word fluency, verbal
comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive
reasoning, and memory
4. Abasic intelligence predicts our abilities in varied academic areas 5. Our intelligence is best classified into three areas that predict real world success:
analytical, creative, and practical
6. Our abilities are best classified into eight independent intelligences, which
include a broad range of skills beyond traditional school smarts
Match the type of intelligence (a- c) with its definition (#1-4)
a. Analytical Intelligence b. Creative Intelligence c. Practical Intelligence
7. Adapting and generating novel ideas
8. Attaining a fit between oneself and their environment, or “street smarts”
9. Intelligence tests
10. _______________________ is often required for everyday tasks, which are
frequently ill-defined, with multiple solutions
a. Analytical Int
