BCHM 210 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: G Protein–Coupled Receptor, Signal Transduction, Protein Kinase A
Document Summary
Signal transduction is a way for signals outside the cell to influence the events happening inside the cell this is a way for cells to respond to the environment. Signal molecules: the primary messengers such as growth factors and non-steroid hormones. Membrane receptors: integral membrane proteins that sense the presence of signal molecules and transmits the information to the interior of the cell. Second messengers: small molecules transmit the information from the receptor. Protein phosphorylation: many second messengers activate kinases that phosphorylate specific serine, threonine or tyrosine residues. 7tm receptors: large family of integral membrane proteins with a common structure that bind the primary message, 1. Ligand binding induces a conformational change in the cytoplasmic loops and carboxy end of the receptor: 4. All 7tm receptors are coupled to g proteins. Ligand binding to the receptor activates the g protein. Also referred to as g -protein coupled receptors (gpcr). camp cascade.
