SOCIOL 110 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Positivism, Random Assignment, Max Weber
12 Oct 2018
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SOCIOL 110
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Whih of the folloig haateizes Dukhei’s theo of suiide?
• A macro-level positivist theory of deviance
A Micro-level Inductive and Interpretivist approach
• Symbolic interactionism takes a micro view of society, examining the beliefs and
assumptions people bring to their everyday interactions to find the causes or
explanations of deviance
o How is deviance learned and performed?
▪ Peer pressure
• Labeling Theory
o People see ho the ae laeled ad aept the lael as eig tue
o People behave the way that they think someone with their label should behave
o Create the labeled reality through interactions
• Stigma
o Negative social label that changes your behavior toward a person; also changes
that peso’s self-concept and social identity
o Has serious consequences in terms of the opportunities made available – or
rather, not made available – to people in a stigmatized group
Symbolic Interactionist Theories of Deviance
• Broken Windows theory of deviance (Zimbardo)
o Explains how social context and social cues impact the way individuals act
o People ho ould’t ehiit a etai ehaio i oe soial otet ight do so
in another context where the behavior seems more permissible
• Ees o the “teet Jae Jaos
o Informal social control of neighborhood and community
▪ Micro-level approach
What is Social Stratification?
• Social stratification refers to systematic inequalities between groups of people that arise
as intended or unintended consequences of social processes and relationships
o Inequality that has become institutionalized
o Tier system and people fall within different levels of society
View of Inequality
• Hoes sa soiet is ueual, ut thought that’s hat gies us ou feedo fo
being killed)
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that private property creates social inequality and that
his inequality __
• Ontological equality is the notion that everyone is created equal in the eyes of God
• Ontological inequality says some are born superior and some are born inferior
• Equality of opportunity
o Inequality is acceptable so long as everyone has the same opportunities for
advancement and is judged by the same standards
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find more resources at oneclass.com
o Almost all modern capitalist societies claim this is the most important
determination of success
• Equality of outcome
o Everyone in a society should end up ith the sae eads egadless of
starting point, opportunities, or contributions
• Equality of condition
o Idea that everyone should have an equal starting point from which to pursue his
or her goals
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Whi(cid:272)h of the follo(cid:449)i(cid:374)g (cid:272)ha(cid:396)a(cid:272)te(cid:396)izes du(cid:396)khei(cid:373)"s theo(cid:396)(cid:455) of sui(cid:272)ide: a macro-level positivist theory of deviance. Informal social control of neighborhood and community: micro-level approach. What is social stratification: social stratification refers to systematic inequalities between groups of people that arise as intended or unintended consequences of social processes and relationships. Inequality that has become institutionalized: tier system and people fall within different levels of society. View of inequality: ho(cid:271)(cid:271)es sa(cid:449) so(cid:272)iet(cid:455) is u(cid:374)e(cid:395)ual, (cid:271)ut thought that"s (cid:449)hat gi(cid:448)es us ou(cid:396) f(cid:396)eedo(cid:373) (cid:894)f(cid:396)o(cid:373) being killed) Idea that everyone should have an equal starting point from which to pursue his or her goals. The downside to rationalization: although there are many societal advantages to rationalization, there is a cost, ex. Types of legitimate authority: bureaucracy is an ideal-typical legal-rational organization or mode of administration that governs with reference to rules and roles and emphasizes meritocracy, hierarchical structures, specialization of positions, hiring/promotion based upon merit.
