BIOL 110 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Sister Chromatids, Cleavage Furrow, Red Algae
Document Summary
Cells remain small to maximize their surface are to volume ratio. Need high eiency to maximize surface area. Organelles- specialized structures that are separate from the rest of cell by a phospholipid bilayer. Nucleus- most viable organelle, provides genetic information, surrounded by a double membrane called nuclear enevelope. Nucleolus- contains a very active group of genes that encode and transcribe ribosomal rna. Lysomes- disposal of waste, digestion, hydrolytic enzymes. Modiications take place in a network of membrane- bound chambers called endomembrane system. Smooth er- lipid synthesis and metabolism, carbohydrate synthesis, degrade toxins. Rough er- houses ribosomes on surface, protein assembly. Mitochondria and chloroplast were bacteria mutualism in host cell, Convergent evolution- process by which unrelated organisms that occupy similar enviroments evolve similar traits. Any eukaryote that is not plant, animal, fungus. Algal blooms i. e. zooxanethellae- mutalism with coral reefs. 2 nuclei microtubules that puncture host cell i. e. malaria. Similar to fungi i. e. potatoe nblight, fruit blights i. e. kelp.
