CHEM 0310 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes -
CHEM 0310
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
1/9/17 -Chapter I-Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry -Structure and function of organic molecules
=focuses mainly on Carbon
Structure and function are strongly correlated .(Structure determines function)
Reactions
A- B
→9a-
c- D§
Reactants Products ,C-
IBreak bond)(Form bond)HYN NH2
Urea
organic
-produced by an organism (def.1828 )
*But in 1828 , it was shown that the three components Of urea could be cooked
to form urea (i. e.
making an organic molecule who an organism )
So now ...Organic -any compound that contains carbon atom
1.) Organic chemistry is essential for understanding DNA ,RNA ,and protein .
2.) Glucose
3.) Antibiotic How organic Chem relates to medicine
4.) Taxol (anticancer )
Structure Bonding
-Has lowest potential energy,
-
A.
is the most stable
EB• to Making abond →releasing energy
A
:B 2.Breaking abond →absorbing energy .
loloumbsLaw_ Study !
Bonds have specific lengths . If A and Bare forced too e- e-
Eo
.A
Bclosely together
,their electrons start repelling each other
*+
o---Iii
'iA←B and potential energy increases .Stability decreases .AB
distance
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Types of Bonds -covalent ,ionic ,polar covalent,coordinate
Covalent
FAIT electrons are equally shared
¥
OB e- no longer belong to either atom
¥±
ff~B Adonates its e- ,becomes positively charged.
Bhas gained an e- ,so becomes negative .
Positive and negative are strongly attracted
by electrostatic forces .
Coordinated
one §y A →BAgives e. to B,but *also called
still shares them
,not Dativ bond
quite ionic ,not quite covalent
Example -Follows the Octet Rule Nobeltasest
He Have full octet in
outer shell
H± -wants another e- to be He New
Li "'
-wants to give e- away to be He Art 8's
Nan ''
-wants to give e
-
away to be Ne Kr2 's ''8's
Ct'"
-does
it give or get 4?
F2 '7
-wants another e
-to be Ne
C128''
-
wants another e
-to be Ar
Na +Cl →Nat Ci -ionic bond
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Structure and function are strongly correlated . ( structure determines function) 1828 ) shown that the three components of urea could be cooked to form urea ( i. e. making an. Organic - any compound that organic molecule who carbon contains an organism ) atom. Has lowest potential energy , the most stable is. Breaking a bond absorbing energy . loloumbslaw_ Eo. o distance closely together, their electrons start repelling each other and potential energy increases . Ob ff~b electrons are equally shared e- no longer belong to either atom. A donates its e- becomes positively charged . Positive and e- so becomes negative . negative are strongly attracted by electrostatic forces. Dativ bond quite ionic , not quite covalent. He wants to give e- away to be. Wants to give e does it give or get away. " 8 "s wants another e to be. Very difficult to lose 4e - or gain e- d "
