HS 111 Study Guide - Final Guide: John Hyrcanus, South Wheal Frances Mine, South English, Iowa
10 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Rome
- Italian Peninsula – town named Alba Longa “big white”
o 2 brothers
▪ Numidor – King of Alba Longa
▪ Amulius – wants to be king
o Rhea Silva (daughter of King Numidor)
▪ Amulius makes her a virgin priest so she can’t have kids
▪ Amulius didn’t want to kill her
▪ She gets pregnant
• Penis of a God impregnates her while she is tending the sacred fire
• She has twin boys
• She exposes the twin boys to see if they are strong enough (like the
Spartans)
• A she wolf comes along and suckles babies
• Farmers find them and takes them to his house and raises them
o Strong and people oriented which causes problems for Amulius
▪ Find out they are true heirs and overthrow Amulius
o Want to start a new city
▪ Fight over which of the 70 hills so they ask God
▪ God says Romulus should be the ruler so Romulus kills Remus
o New city has only men
o They need women so they invite Sabine who is a neighboring tribe to the party
o Romans kidnap and rape 30 Sabine women
▪ Sabine women are mad and start war
▪ Sabine women make them stop
o Where the 30 important Roman families come from
▪ History Rome now begins
o 800BC-753BC 8th century BC = when Rome was founded
- Greeks spreading out = form colony in South Italy about same time as Rome is founded
- 900-800 BC -Above Rome: Etruscans (northwest) – believed woman showing breasts
ward off evil so they were on the fronts of wooden boats
o culturally advanced
o independent city-states (like a polis)
▪ small
▪ trade a lot
▪ kings and aristocratic families – monogamous couples (date one person at
a time)
▪ form confederations (like leagues)
- Rome is in the middle of Etruscans and Greeks
o Arise due to social dislocation from Etruscans and Greeks
- Rome is expanding and taking more territory
- Keltic tribes invade Etruscans
- Etruscans
o Women confined to house in Rome but not Etruscans
o Significant military tradition: only fight in the summer
▪ if they capture you they sacrifice them on tombs of fallen leaders
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
o religion: immanent polytheism: many Gods but not seen in the sky
▪ anthropomorphic polytheism: many gods seen as humans in sky looking
down (CROSSOVER)
o Language – don’t speak Indo-European
o Rome speaks Latin which is Indo-European
EXAM QUESTION:
How did the Etruscans fall?
o Amulius/ Numidor/Rhea Silva/ Romulus/ Remus
o 30 important Roman families
o social dislocation = examples comparing midterm and final
o differences in treatment of women = Rome vs. Etruscan
753 Founding of Rome and Roman Kingdom
- 3 phases of Rome politically
1. Kingdom – founding of Rome= rape of Sabine’s
2. Republic
3. Empire
- Kingdom (753-509)
o No historical documents – rely on the republic talking about the kingdom
o 7 kings
▪ elected
▪ political and military power
▪ 2 bicameral bodies (houses)
• Senate = 100 senators
• Curiate assembly (Greek influences)
o 509 Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (king)
▪ son is Sextus Tarquinius
▪ approaches wife of noble woman and wants to have sex
• she says no but he rapes her
• called the Rape of Lucretia
• she kills herself
▪ nobles come together and throw Lucius off the throne
o nobles sick of the kings because the families think they can do anything
o elect 2 consoles who replace the kings
o kingdom ends republic begins
▪ begins and ends with an act of sexual violence as told from Republic view
- Republic beings in 509 BC
o Didn’t like the kings “bad period”
o Elect 2 consoles with no kings
o Fighting the idea that a king will come back to power
▪ Ends up causing the Republic to fall
o Julius Caesar
▪ General, admirable, charismatic with people
o 49 BC – Lepidus is elected console of Rome
▪ just because you have a position doesn’t mean you have the power
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
▪ Caesar had the power
o Empire is expanding
o Ptolemy (Hellenistic general) took over Egypt but Romans take over
o Caesar and Cleopatra have a child
▪ Caesar has a wife Calpurnia back in Rome
▪ Cleopatra visits Caesar in Rome and Calpurnia is unhappy
▪ People of Rome like Cleopatra
o Pompeii brothers of Spain want to knock out Caesar and launch an assault
o Caesar and 40,000 troops march to Spain in less than one month
▪ Pompeii loses a lot of troops because they are switching to Caesar side
▪ Caesar wins in 45BC and goes home
• He has a lot of enemies at home
• Everyone worried he will make himself king
▪ Throws himself a grand procession for his victory when he arrives home
• Conquered other romans therefore not much of a victory – as
others see it
o Forces senators to let him wear purple (color of the King) and makes himself a
gold thrown
o Dictator of republic for 10 years and then for life
o Statues of him with crowns
o Naked religious festival is where Caesar is crowned King
▪ Everyone got quiet (means they don’t support what is going on)
▪ Caesar takes crown and says Jupiter is only King/God – crown now cheers
o Caesar plans to invade Persians (battle campaign)
▪ Conspirators saw through him and planned to take him down
o March of 44 (15th of march aka Ides of March)
o Brutus Albinus
▪ Descendent of Junius Brutus – helped chase away kings earlier
▪ Was on Caesars side then conspirators sway him away
o Senate meets in theater (Caesar has no body guards)
▪ Wore togas so a lot of fabric (hide weapon, hard to move)
o Marc Anthony hears of plan to kill Caesar and goes to tell him
▪ People block him from getting to theater
o Caesar doesn’t stand to welcome senators
o Tillius Cimber goes to give Caesar petition and Caesar pushes him away so he
tries to pull down his toga
▪ “why this violation” – Caesar
o Casca tries to stab Caesar but he stops him
▪ Casca gets scared and screams “Brothers help me”
▪ Everyone including Brutus stabs Caesar with their daggers (44BC)
▪ Toga enables him to move fast
o Suetonius says Caesar saw Brutus before dying
▪ “Ki su techna” “You too my child” – Caesars last words
o Brutus and his people shouting “People of Rome you are once again free”
▪ Everyone goes silent
▪ Crowd riots which sets off civil war
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Greeks spreading out = form colony in south italy about same time as rome is founded. Rome is in the middle of etruscans and greeks: arise due to social dislocation from etruscans and greeks. Rome is expanding and taking more territory. How did the etruscans fall: amulius/ numidor/rhea silva/ romulus/ remus, 30 important roman families, social dislocation = examples comparing midterm and final, differences in treatment of women = rome vs. etruscan. 3 phases of rome politically: kingdom founding of rome= rape of sabine"s, republic, empire. Augustus: dies in 14 bc unconfirmed rumor wife lydia poisoned him. Change from roman republic to roman empire. 332 bc hellenism : alexander the great conquers jerusalem and judah, fusion of greek cultures, when alexander dies, general seleucid takes over israel. Seleucid empire : egypt falls to ptolemy, ptolemaic empire , both take hellenism with them, empires fight each other on the border between them, contested security zone, shifting back and forth.
