01:119:140 Study Guide - Restriction Point, Nuclear Membrane, G2 Phase

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April 9, 2009: phases of the cell cycle (m, g1, s, g2) Anything outside of m phase is called interphase. G2 gap phase dna replication and size monitored: review of mitosis. M phase includes mitosis (nuclear division) and cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division) Microtubules disassemble, mitotic spindle begins to form. Kinetochore microtubules exert tension on chromosomes remaining microtubules are polar or astral. New nuclear envelopes form around each chromosome. Cytoplasm divides via cleavage: the cell cycle is regulated by growth, extracellular signals, and internal signals. Regulation of the cell cycle in response to size and extracellular signals depends on restriction points. A lot of cell cycle studies were done in yeast and many simple organisms: restriction points: g1 to s restriction point. Many things found in yeast are highly conserved and found in mammalian cells as well. Major restriction point is g1 restriction point (aka start). The cell monitors its ok to transition from g1 to s phase.

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