CONDITIONING & LEARNING TERMS
CHAPTER 1
• Association: a connection between the representations of two events (two stimuli or a stimulus
and a response) such that the occurrence of one of the events activates the representation of the
other
• Dualism: the view of behavior according to which actions can be separated into two categories:
voluntary behavior controlled by the mind and involuntary behavior controlled by reflex
mechanisms
• Empiricism: A philosophy according to which all ideas in the mind arise from experience
• Fatigue: A temporary decrease in behavior caused by repeated or excessive use of the muscles
involved in the behavior
• Hedonism: the philosophy proposed by Hobbes according to which the actions of organisms are
determined by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain
• Learning: an enduring change in the mechanisms of behavior involving specific stimuli and/or
responses that results from prior experience with similar stimuli and responses
• Maturation: a change in behavior caused by physical or physiological development of the
organism in the absence of experience with particular environmental events
• Nativism: a philosophy according to which human beings are born with innate ideas
• Nervism: philosophical position adopted by Pavlov that all behavioral and physiological processes
are regulated by the nervous system
• Nonsense syllable: a three letter combination (two consonants separated by vowel that has no
meaning
• Performance: an organism’s activities at a particular time
• Reflex: a mechanism that enables a specific environmental event to elicit a specific response
CHAPTER 2
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