HIST 015A- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 14 pages long!)

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Hist 15a lecture 1 americas before columbus: approximate populations, europe 80-90 million, americas 40-70 million, africa 50-70 million. Wisconsin glaciation: allowed people to come to north america, widely believed asians crossed from siberia to present-day alaska. Iii: small groups of hunters and gatherers, abundance of large game, environmental changes around 10,000 bc, once ice melted, many animals died out. Pre-columbian north america: slower, more limited spread of agriculture. Characteristics of north america cultures: small scale agriculture, smaller population, less technologically advanced, more egalitarian, kinship based ownership, lack of private ownership. Pre-columbian civilizations: tremendously diverse cultures, many highly populated centers, lacking in key technology, absence of key domesticated animals, biologically isolated. Europe and the age of discovery: early exploration, eve of discovery, influence of renaissance thought, expanded trade, cultural connections, europeans were trying to recover from black death, rise of independent, competitive states, i. e. france, spain, england.

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