A PSY 203 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Genetics, Working Memory, Semantic Memory

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12 Oct 2018
Department
Course
A PSY 203
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
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Day 1: Why do we Study Child Development?
Why Study Development?
Provides insight to the mature form!
Clarifies foundational frame work for adult behaviors!
Developmental Psychologists study:
What problems and challenges are confronted by children at diff. Ages
How children acquire new skills, abilities, behaviors, and expertise
What factors lead to successful or unsuccessful outcomes
To inform social policy…
o Understand the mental functions of children
o Understand what healthy experiences are important for healthy development
Periods:
1. Prenatal
a. Conception until birth
2. Infancy
a. 0-18 months
3. Preschool
a. 19 months- 4 years
4. School age
a. Young (5-7) and old (8-12)
5. Adolescence
a. 13- 20 years
6. Adulthood
a. Young (21-30 years); middle (31-60); late (60- Death)
Areas of Development:
Perceptual:
o How does our ability to pick out and use information from the world change?
o Face perception, sound perception, integrating information from multiple modalities
Cognitive:
o How do our thoughts and beliefs about the world change? Includes both knowledge (like
math) and abilities (like remembering things)
Moral:
o How do beliefs about good and bad actions change over time? Development of ethics
Social:
o How do interpersonal relationships change?
Action:
o How we use our bodies and move in the world: reflexes, walking, catching a ball, and so
on
Emotional:
o How do emotions change over development? What emotions do babies (versus adults)
experience? Sometimes also includes motivational changes (since we’re often motivated
by our feelings)
Quantitative vs. Qualitative?
Quantitative:
o Numerically different (Growing an inch)
Qualitative:
o Structurally different (you turned into a frog)
o Stages of development
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Day 1: Why do we Study Child Development?
Global Change vs. Local Change:
Global Change:
o Developing skills that also cause or are related to other developing skills
Local Change:
o Developing skills that are separate from other skills
Nature Vs. Nurture?
Nature:
o Genetics shape our development!
Nurture:
o Environment shapes our development
Empiricism vs. Nativism?
Empiricism:
o The content of all knowledge and thought is gained through experience!
Nativism:
o A set of different learning skills are present at birth!
Ontogeny vs. Phylogeny
Ontogeny is the developmental of an individual!
Phylogeny is about the evolutionary history of the population!
How to Study Developmental Psychology?
Observational Studies:
o Observing and recording in a natural setting!
o Study Variables are not manipulated
o High ecological validity
Experimental Studies
o Answers questions about cause and effect!
Manipulate a single (independent)variable
Measure a preplanned (dependent) variable
Lower ecological validity!
Longitudinal vs. Cross Sectional
Longitudinal
o Same participants measured over time
Cross Sectional
o Different ages!
Validity:
Are you measuring what you think you are measuring?
Replicability:
Do other labs find the same result?
Within versus Between subject design?
Should the experimental manipulation happen within a person or across ppl?
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