IST 195 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Web Search Engine, Internet, Personal Computer
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
IST 195
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
How Information Technology Applies to Your Career:
● “The Hole in the Wall”
○ Definition of the internet- that which you can do anything
● MOOC: massive open online class/course
○ Khan academy, edx, lynda, coursera, syr.edu
● Government and IT
○ Use social media to communicate to people
○ Social media and technology has disrupted and changed how p olitics works
■ Revolutionize through technology- unfiltered and direct
● Healthcare and IT
○ President Bush implemented a 10 year plan to implement electronic health
records
■ Physical files are not as common anymore→ become electronic
■ Allows for smoother communication between other health institutions→
being able to inter-trade health files
● Military and IT
○ Using drones, robots, health sensors, safer gear, and stronger vehicles
● Retail and IT- showrooming
○ Showrooming- go into a physical store and do the transaction online
Computing History
● Howard Alken- 1944
○ Harvard professor and he created the harvard of Mark 1
■ Argued one of the first computers
■ 51 feet long and 8 feet tall= first computer
○ 10 cent calculator today is more powerful than the Mark 1
○ 1956- IBM came out with their super computer (305 RAMAC)
■ Just over one ton instead of 5 tons
● 1971: being able to get on the internet→ called modem or something like that which was
the first advertisement to advertise computers
● 1980: first real hard drive
○ Used really just for text files and it was 10 megabytes
● In 70 years…
○ We have smart refrigerators, apple watch, 3D printers
● Moore’s Law/Principle→ 52 years
○ Scientist at Intel Corp (make chips) in 1965 made a prediction number of
transistors on an integrated circuit can double every 24 months and cost per
transistors decreases
■ When you have a chip they have billions of transistors (how info is being
processed) so the more transistors, the faster you can process
information
■ Take this chip and figure out how to keep adding more transistors the
faster you can process info→ his principle is almost exactly true
■ Price per computer remains relatively flat
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
■ Number of transistors increases the storage and etc but the cost relatively
stays the same
● Terms:
○ PC: personal computer
■ Mac’s and Windows are both PC’s→ laptops and desktops are both PC’s
○ Server: provides services to other computers or devices on a network
■ Web servers, media server, email servers, game servers
■ Keeping websites up to games all over can be accessed in different
places
● Think about the server example he showed us in class about
different sports teams all on the SAME server
○ Mainframes: large, expensive powerful computer that can handle billions of
transactions per day
■ Process more than 83% of transactions around the world
● Example: used by banks and financial activities
■ Typically start around 6 figures (super expensive)
■ Z13 can process 2.5 billions transactions per day
● Equivalent to 100 cyber monday’s every day of the year
○ Supercomputers: the fastest and most powerful computer
■ Capable of processing more than one-quadrillion instructions in a second
■ Prices start at 7 figures
● Example: use these for space, weather, NOAA, NSA (national
security administration
● Green Computing→ involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental easre
generated when using a computer
○ Computers are harmful to the environment
○ Strategies: recycling, virtual computing, energy efficient hardware
○ Virtual computing is important→ allows you to take a single computer and make it
act appear as several unique computers (different operating system)
■ Why? Companies have a billion computers for certain jobs so its not
being used to its full potential so virtualize you are helping the
environment
■ One bigger computer and virtualize it so you’re maximizing the use of the
computer and acts as multiple computers
●
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Definition of the internet- that which you can do anything. Use social media to communicate to people. Social media and technology has disrupted and changed how p olitics works. President bush implemented a 10 year plan to implement electronic health records. Physical files are not as common anymore become electronic. Allows for smoother communication between other health institutions being able to inter-trade health files. Using drones, robots, health sensors, safer gear, and stronger vehicles. Showrooming- go into a physical store and do the transaction online. Harvard professor and he created the harvard of mark 1. 51 feet long and 8 feet tall= first computer. 10 cent calculator today is more powerful than the mark 1. 1956- ibm came out with their super computer (305 ramac) Just over one ton instead of 5 tons. 1971: being able to get on the internet called modem or something like that which was the first advertisement to advertise computers.
