BIOL 1001 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Herbivore, Nervous Tissue, Decomposer
15 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Energy Flow, Material Cycling
●Virtually all life is sustained by energy from the sun
●Energy flow is one way (toward equilibrium)
Three Classes of Organisms
●Producers
●Consumers
●Decomposers
●High level Consumers -
●Primary consumers
●Secondary Consumers
●How much energy they take is decided on which kind they are
Interdependencies among Organisms
●Web of life lets everything occur
●All organisms interact in known and unknown ways
Life’s Organization
●Organisms are interdependant on each other for their existence. Part of web of life
●Level 1
Biosphere- earth’s crust
●Biosphere is changing GHG absorb and emits radiation within the thermal infrared
range
Level II is ecosystem
III. Communities- humans, bugs
IV. Populations- one species deliberately; populations of squirrels, trees
V. Multicellular Organisms - mammal consists of multicellular organisms
VI. Organ systems
VII. Organs
VIII. Tissues- Nervous tissue at right
IX. the cell
X. Nonliving elements of cells - macromolecules
XI. molecules
XII. atoms
What is science?
●Science is a SYSTEMATIC approach to solving problems and answering questions.
●Science is also a body of knowledge about OBSERVABLE natural phenomena.
●Scientists use the scientific method.
●Remember science can only explain natural phenomena
Science is based…..
The Scientific Method
1. Develop a hypothesis
a. The term derives from the ancient Greek, hypotithenia meaning “to put under” or
“to suppose”
2. Make a prediction
3. Devise experiments, build a model
4. Test the model
5. Repeat the experiment
6. Objectively analyze and publish
Scientific Experiments
Experiments- how scientists gather data
Use control and experimental groups
●A variable is a factor that can influence the outcome of an experiments
●You can change one variable at a time
●Sampling error (standard error) . Is sample size representative of the population you
are trying to study?
Scientific Correlations show relationships
Correlations does not imply causation
Scientific Theory
1. A theory is an explanation of a broad range of related phenomena
2. Explains a large number of related observations
3. Examples of theories
4. Theories are open to tests, revision, and even rejection if new evidence becomes
available.
5. Our world is dominated by scientific advances.
Einstein’s prediction (1907): light bends in a gravitational field
●The sighting of a star that should have been blocked by the sun would prove
Einstein wrong
Scientific approaches
●Most science is hypothesis driven
●Science also based on data gathering. Example is the human genome project for
sequencing DNA
●Science has limits
●In summary, the scientific approach to studying nature is based on asking questions,
formulating hypotheses, making predictions, devising tests and objectively reporting the
results
Scientific Reasoning is based on logic
●Logic involves the ability to draw a conclusion that does not contradict the evidence used
to support it.
●In inductive reasoning you go from a specific observation to a general statement
●One lemis is sour, all lemons are sour
Inductive- specific to general
Using observations and facts to arrive at generalizations or hypotheses
Limits of Science
●Science cannot answer subjective questions
●Science can be used in enterprises that may cause harm
●Responsibility for the wise use of scientific information must be shared by all
●Science improves technology and the human physical condition- heart transplants,
explorations of space, cloning of genes, etc.
●Overuse of technology can be a problem
Think Critically
●Consider the source of information
●Question credentials and motives of individuals
●Evaluate the content
●Don’t confuse facts with opinions, or cause with correlation
BioEthics
●Bioethics is the philosophical study of the ethical controversies brought about by
advances in biology, science and medicine
●Bioethicists are concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among
life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, philosophy and theology
Tuskegee Syphilis Study
●Purpose: identify natural history of untreated syphilis
●Study design- 193
Document Summary
Virtually all life is sustained by energy from the sun. Energy flo w is one w ay (to ward equilibrium) Ho w much energy they take is decided on which kind they are. All organisms interact in known and unknown ways. Organisms are interdependant on each other for their existence. Biosphere is changing ghg absorb and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. Populations- one species deliberately; populations of squirrels, trees: multicellular organisms - mammal consists of multicellular organisms. Ix. the cell: nonliving elements of cells - macromolecules. Science is a systematic approach to solving problems and answering questions. Science is also a body of knowledge about observable natural phenomena. Remember science can only explain natural phenomena: the term derives from the ancient greek, hypotithenia meaning to put under or. To suppose : make a prediction, devise experiments, build a model, test the model, repeat the experiment, objectively analyze and publish.
