BIOL 4376 Study Guide - Final Guide: Metabolic Alkalosis, Metabolic Acidosis, Hypochloremia
Document Summary
Passive role in maintenance of fluid balance and acid-base balance. Chloride values are useful in identifying fluid or acid-base balance disorders. Kidneys are primary organs involved in regulation. Exchanged at proximal tubules for bicarbonate ions to maintain intracellular electropotential gradient. Passively follows na+ and water throughout the rest of the nephron. Metabolic alkalosis: as bicarbonate increases in the kidneys, cl levels decrease via excretion. Metabolic acidosis: as bicarbonate decreases kidneys compensate for bicarbonate loss by increasing cl reabsorption. Dehydration: causes increase in water and na reabsorption. ~99% located in bone and ~1% in extracellular fluid. Regulated by parathyroid hormone (pth), phosphorous, vitamin d and calcitonin. Muscle: calcium binds to troponin to trop it form inhibiting the interaction of actin and myosin muscle contraction. Cardiac tissue: involved in action potential muscle contraction. Low ca2+ concentration, high parathyroid hormone (pht) Increases calcium reabsorption (kidneys and gi tract) and phosphate excretion.